TABLE 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratio of Polypharmacy for Adults with CP Only, CP + NDDs, and Without CP by Age or Sexa
| Aged 18-40 Years (n = 2,113,721) | Aged 41-64 Years (n = 3,138,023) | Aged > 65 Years (n = 3,769,222) | Women (n = 4,977,990) | Men (n = 4,042,976) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| ≥ 5 medications | |||||
| CP only vs. without CP | 1.61 (1.42-1.82) | 1.26 (1.13-1.39) | 1.19 (1.07-1.32) | ||
| CP + NDDs vs. without CP | 3.52 (3.06-4.05) | 1.66 (1.40-1.96) | 1.99 (1.53-2.59) | ||
| CP + NDDs vs. CP only | 2.19 (1.82-2.64) | 1.32 (1.08-1.61) | 1.68 (1.26-2.23) | ||
| ≥ 10 medications | |||||
| CP only vs. without CP | 1.88 (1.59-2.22) | 1.26 (1.13-1.41) | 1.20 (1.08-1.33) | ||
| CP + NDDs vs. without CP | 3.65 (3.10-4.30) | 1.69 (1.43-1.99) | 1.71 (1.35-2.16) | ||
| CP + NDDs vs. CP only | 1.94 (1.54-2.45) | 1.34 (1.10-1.63) | 1.43 (1.10-1.84) | ||
| ≥ 15 medications | |||||
| CP only vs. without CP | 1.46 (1.31-1.64) | 1.20 (1.05-1.38) | |||
| CP + NDDs vs. without CP | 1.36 (1.14-1.62) | 2.01 (1.67-2.42) | |||
| CP + NDDs vs. CP only | 0.93 (0.76-1.14) | 1.68 (1.33-2.11) | |||
Note: Adjusted for age (as continuous), sex (for age-stratified analysis), U.S. region of residence, and multimorbidity.
a The without CP group served as the reference group.
CI = confidence interval; CP = cerebral palsy; NDD = neurodevelopmental disabilities; OR = odds ratio.