TABLE 2.

Cost-Effectiveness Model Cost Inputs

Costsa ($)	Rifaximin ± Lactulose	Placebo ± Lactulose	Source
Cost of HE-related hospitalizationb	19,710	24,527	Leevy 200730; BLS 201833; CMS FY 201835; AHA 201634
Cost of non-HE-related hospitalizationc	15,892		AHRQ HCUP 201831; AHA 201634; BLS 201833
Cost of liver transplantationd,21,23,25	183,132		Wai 201432; BLS 201833; AHA 201634

^a Drug costs per day for rifaximin and lactulose were $73.17 and $1.30, respectively.²⁹

^b Per-hospitalization charge from Leevy 2007³⁰ converted to 2014 private payer payment using the medical care component of Consumer Price Index 2018,³³ cost-to-charge ratios from the CMS,³⁵ and the 2016 payment-to-cost ratio from the AHA report.³⁴

^c HCUP 2014 cost³¹ (ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 571.2, 571.3, 571.5, 571.6, 571.8, 571.9, 572.4, 584.9, 567.23, 456.0) inflated to 2018 cost and converted to private payer cost using 2016 payment-to-cost ratio from the AHA report.³⁴

^d One-time liver transplant cost from Wai 2014³² converted to 2018 private payer payment using medical care component of Consumer Price Index³³ and 2016 payment-to-cost ratio from the AHA report.³⁴

AHA = American Hospital Association; AHRQ = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; BLS = Bureau of Labor Statistics; CMS = Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; FY = fiscal year; HCUP = Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; HE = hepatic encephalopathy; ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.