TABLE 1.
Parameter Estimates for Medication Adherence Statistical Models
| Model Parametera | Multiple Chronic Medication Adherenceb | Statins | Oral Diabetes Medications | RASA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enhanced services pharmacy count | 223 | 192 | 132 | 200 |
| Control pharmacy count | 771 | 587 | 357 | 658 |
| Base model | ||||
| Intercept | 51.8 (50.7-52.8)c | 48.5 (47.2-49.9)c | 46.7 (44.7-48.7)c | 47.8 (46.7-49.0)c |
| Enhanced services pharmacy (base) | 3.7 (1.8-5.7)c | 4.3 (2.0-6.6)c | 8.2 (5.1-11.3)c | 3.0 (1.3-4.8)c |
| Adjusted model | ||||
| Intercept | 48.1 (46.2-50.0)c | 45.7 (43.3-48.1)c | 44.6 (41.2-48.0)c | 46.6 (44.6-48.6)c |
| Enhanced services pharmacy (adjusted) | −2.0 (−4.4-0.3) | -1.4 (−4.2-1.3) | −0.8 (−4.9-3.3) | −0.2 (−2.4-2.1) |
| Independent pharmacy | 3.1 (0.9-5.3)d | 2.2 (−0.4-4.9) | 5.1 (0.8-9.5)e | 1.5 (−0.7-3.7) |
| Located in a rural county | −1.2 (−2.9- 0.5) | 0.0 (−2.0-2.1) | −2.1 (−4.9-0.7) | 0.2 (−1.4-1.9) |
| Offers delivery | 3.3 (1.0-5.6)d | 2.6 (−0.1-5.3) | 4.0 (0.1-7.8)e | 2.1 (−0.2-4.4) |
| Offers multidose compliance packaging | 7.2 (4.7-9.6)c | 8.2 (5.3-11.1)c | 7.1 (3.0-11.3)c | 3.4 (1.2-5.7)d |
| Has a drive-up window | −2.9 (−4.5- −1.2)c | −2.8 (−4.8- −0.7)d | −3.4 (−6.3- −0.4)e | −1.3 (−2.9-0.4) |
| Offers 24-hour emergency services | 2.4 (0.6-4.1)d | 1.6 (−0.5-3.7) | −1.2 (−4.0-1.7) | 0.8 (−0.9-2.5) |
| Offers compounding services | 1.0 (−0.9-2.8) | 0.0 (−2.2-2.3) | 2.1 (−1.2-5.4) | −0.6 (−2.4-1.2) |
Note: All models used generalized estimating equations with a repeated measure for pharmacy. Numbers shown are the beta coefficient values and associated 95% confidence intervals from these models.
a Model parameters shown omit the dummy variables for period, which was included in the model to control for seasonal trends in adherence.
b For a list of chronic medication classes included in this measure, see Urick et al. (2018).8
c P < 0.001.
d P < 0.01.
e P < 0.05.
RASA = renin-angiotensin system antagonist.