Table 1.
Cells and soluble factors creating an immune suppressive microenvironment in the anterior segment of the eye
| Site | Factor | Target immune component |
|---|---|---|
| Soluble factors in the anterior chamber | Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) | T cells, macrophages, neutrophils |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | T cells | |
| Somatostatin | T cells | |
| Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) | Macrophages | |
| Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) | T cells, macrophages, NK cells | |
| Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) | Macrophages | |
| Macrophage migrating inhibitory factor (MIF) | NK cells | |
| interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) | IL-1 | |
| Soluble Fas ligand (sFas L) | T cells, neutrophils | |
| CD46, CD55, CD59, C3ib | Complement | |
| Cell surface molecules of the cornea and iris–ciliary body | PD-L1 (B7-H1) | T cells |
| Inducible costimulatory molecule ligand (ICOSL) | T cells | |
| Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR) ligand | T cells | |
| Galectin-9 | T cells | |
| Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) | T cells | |
| Fas L (CD95 L) | T cells, neutrophils | |
| Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-2 alpha CTLA-2α) | T cells | |
| MHC class Ib | T cells, NK cells | |
| CD46, CD55, CD59 | Complement |