Table 2. Predictive biomarkers with relevance for treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
| UICC stage | Drugs with approval conditional on biomarkers | ||||||
| Biomarker | Method | IB | II | III(op) | III(crtx) | IV | |
| ALK | IHC, NGS, ISH | + | + | + | − | + | Alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, crizotinib, lorlatinib |
| BRAF | NGS | − | − | − | − | + | Dabrafenib/trametinib |
| EGFR | NGS | + | + | + | − | + | Afatinib, amivantamab, dacomitinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, mobocertinib*, osimertinib |
| HER2 | NGS | − | − | − | − | +* | Poziotinib*, trastuzumab-deruxtecan* |
| KRAS | NGS | − | − | − | − | + | Sotorasib, adagrasib* |
| MET | NGS | − | − | − | − | + | Capmatinib, tepotinib |
| NTRK1–3 | IHC, NGS, ISH | − | − | − | − | + | Entrectinib, larotrectinib |
| PD-L1 | IHC | + | + | + | + | + | Atezolizumab, cemiplimab, durvalumab, pembrolizumab |
| RET | NGS, ISH | − | − | − | − | + | Pralsetinib, selpercatinib |
| ROS1 | IHC, NGS, ISH | − | − | − | − | + | Crizotinib, entrectinib |
ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; BRAF, B-rat fibrosarcoma; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; IHC, immunhistochemistry; ISH, in situ hybridization; KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene; MET, MET proto-oncogene/receptor tyrosine kinase; NGS, deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid parallel sequencing (“next-generation sequencing”); NTRK1–3, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase 1–3; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand-1; RET, RET proto-oncogene; ROS1, ROS proto-oncogene 1; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control; III(op), stage III primary surgery; III(crtx), stage III definitive chemoradiotherapy
+* Not currently approved in Europe for this indication.