Table 3.

Non-infectious causes of high fever in patients monitored in the ICU.

High fever (38–41 °C)	Hyperthermia (>41 °C)
Drug reaction	Drug reaction, such as malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome
Venous thromboembolism Pulmonary embolism	Endocrine, such as thyrotoxicosis, adrenal crisis and Ppeochromocytoma
Central nervous system Subarachnoid hemorrhage	Environmental heat stroke
Pancreatitis	Viral infections, such as COVID-19, SARS, MERS, German measles, influenza, rabies
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Malignancy
Transfusion reactions

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; ICU: Intensive care unit; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome.