HILPDA protects adipocytes from fatty acid-induced ER stress. A) HILPDA protein level in AV-Hilpda transduced 3T3-L1 cells. Western blot was probed with antibodies against HILPDA and HSP90. mRNA expression of Hilpda and ER stress markers in AV-Hilpda transduced 3T3-L1 cells treated with B) DGAT1/DGAT2 inhibitors for 10 h, and C) 600 μM OA:PA combined with 20 μM etomoxir and 1 μM 10,12- tricosadiynoic acid for 12 h. D) mRNA expression of Hilpda and ER stress markers in SVF-derived adipocytes treated with DGAT1/DGAT2 inhibitors for 10 h in the presence and absence of 50 μM Atglistatin. E) mRNA expression of Hilpda and ER stress markers in AV-Hilpda transduced 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 5 μM thapsigargin for 14 h. F) mRNA expression in Hilpdaflox/flox and HilpdaΔADIPO SVF-derived adipocytes treated with DGAT1/DGAT2 inhibitors for 10 h. G) mRNA expression of spliced and unspliced Xbp1 in Hilpdaflox/flox and HilpdaΔADIPO SVF-derived adipocytes treated with DGAT1/DGAT2 inhibitors for 10 h. H) mRNA expression of spliced Xbp1s in Hilpdaflox/flox and HilpdaΔADIPO SVF-derived adipocytes treated with 300 μM, 600 μM, or 900 μM OA:PA for 24 h. Asterisk indicates significantly different according to Student's t-test. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001.