Table 1. Comparison of Various Electrochemical and Non-electrochemical Detection Methods for HPV16 L1a.
| platform/modifier | target | technique | LCR | LoD | LoQ | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCE-OLC | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | SWV | 1.95 fg/mL–6.25 ng/mL (34.2 aM–0.112 nM) | 1.83 fg/mL (32.7 aM) | 6.11 fg/mL (0.11 fM) | this work |
| GCE-OLC-PAN | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | SWV | 1.95 fg/mL–6.25 ng/mL (34.2 aM–0.112 nM) | 0.61 fg/mL (10.89 m aM) | 2.03 fg/mL (36.3 aM) | this work |
| GCE-OLC-PAN | HPV-16 L1 (antibody) | SWV | 39.1 fg/mL–60 μg/mL (0.70 fM–1.07 μM) | 2.54 fg/mL (45.36 aM) | 8.46 fg/mL (0.15 fM) | this work |
| prGO-MoS2 | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | DPV | 3.5–35.3 pM | 1.75 pM | (13) | |
| GC-polymer | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | SWV | 50 nM | (15) | ||
| Ag@AuNPs-GO/SPA | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | DPV | 0.005–400 ng/mL | 2.0 pg./mL | (17) | |
| Pt/PaN/MWCNTs | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | CV/SWV | 10–80 nM | 490 pM | (18) | |
| melamine-AuNPs | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | LDI MS | 2–80 ng /mL | 58.8 pg/mL | (40) | |
| AuNPs-Aptamer | HPV-16 L1 (antigen) | UV–vis/colorimetry | 9.6–201.6 ng /mL | 9.6 ng/mL | (41) |
a
KEY: Molar mass of HPV-16 L1 (56 kDa) was used to convert the gravimetric concentrations to their corresponding molar concentrations. LCR (linear concentration range); LoD (limit of detection); LoQ (limit of quantification); PaN (polyaniline); AuNPs (gold nanoparticles); SPA (staphylococcal protein A); LDI MS (laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry); SWV (square wave voltammetry); and DPV (differential pulse voltammetry).