Table 1.
In vivo studies of non-thermal effects of THz radiation
| Biological models | Biological effects | Possible mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Induced DNA double bond breakage causes DNA damage in bare skin tissue | Increased expression level of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) | Titova et al.19 |
| Rat | Promoting platelet clumping in the blood | Selective absorption of metabolites (NO, O2, CO2, CO) at 0.15 THz | Kirichuk et al.20 |
| Depression level increased after exposure | Unclear | ||
| Changing in lipid peroxidation intermediates, antioxidant indicators in blood | NO selective absorption to 0.15 THz | ||
| Improvement of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and nitrite indexes in blood after exposure to restraint stress | Unclear | Kirichuk et al.21 | |
| Mice | Induction of acute inflammation of skin tissue | Unclear | Hwang et al.22 |
| 1. Differential expression of genes related to wound response was observed in skin tissues 2. Prolonged wound healing, slowed epithelialization and increased scar area were found |
Wound response activation, TGF-β signaling pathway activation | Kim et al.23 | |
| Drosophila | Gene expression changes in Drosophila | Unclear | Vi et al.24 |