Table 3.

Knowledge of providers

	All providers	Public providers	Private providers	P value*
Knows cause of illness is viral	0.84 (0.37)	0.77 (0.43)	0.88 (0.33)	0.109
Thinks antibiotics unlikely to help patient recover	0.58 (0.49)	0.40 (0.49)	0.68 (0.47)	0.002
Believes patient will not come back if no antibiotics	0.56 (0.49)	0.47 (0.50)	0.72 (0.45)	0.008
AMR knowledge score (out of 5)	3.06 (1.22)	2.28 (1.18)	3.46 (1.03)	<0.001
Number of observations	125	43	82

Numbers show mean or proportion with SD in parentheses. For the facility sample data, on average waiting time is based on information collected by SPs. We used the Gauteng city region quality of life survey to construct socio-economic quintiles of local areas (ward), and allocated each provider to a quintile according to their location. Additional data in the sample of interviewed provider (panel B) come from provider interviews undertaken as part of the study with the subset of doctors who agreed to the interview, after all SPs had completed their visits.

*The p value is based on t-test for means and χ² tests for proportions comparing the private and public sector characteristics.

AMR, antimicrobial resistance; SP, standardised patient.