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. 2023 Jul 31;23:463. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04152-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Identification of potential signaling pathways, DETFs and final DEGs in sarcopenia. a The ORA analysis of DEPs, and the bubble plot represents the top 2 or 4 differentially expressed genes sets for each collection. b The heatmap and (c) result of GSVA analysis of hallmark gene sets. The histogram showed 14 up-(red bar) and 2 down-regulated (green bar) differentially expressed sarcopenia-related pathways. d The volcano plot and (e) heatmap of 4 DETFs between 20 SP and 20 NSP. The expressional levels of TP73, BCL11A and TFAP2C were significantly increased in sarcopenia, while the PAX5 exhibited significantly decreased. f The heatmap of DETFs and final DEGs according to the result of PCA