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. 2023 Jul 31;13:139. doi: 10.1186/s13578-023-01087-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Glucose metabolism pathways are activated in OCCC cells and might be promising targets for both OCCC and HGSC treatments as indicated by in vitro experiments. (A) Bar plots showing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE189553 dataset with enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Red: OCCC; blue: HGSC. (B) Bar plots showing the differentially expressed gene (DEG)-enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in Cluster 5 consisting of OCCC and HGSC patient cells. (C) TOV21G and OVCAR3 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of CB-839, liproxstatin-1, metformin, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay 72 h after treatment. (D) TOV21G/OVCAR3 cells were treated with metformin (5 mM) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (5 mM) for 48 h. Representative images of EdU-positive cells by immunofluorescence. (E) TOV21G/OVCAR3 cells were treated with metformin (5 mM) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (5 mM) for 72 h. Representative images of flow cytometry are presented. (F) Summary of the percentage of EdU-positive cells. (G) The percentage of Annexin V-positive cells was determined by flow cytometry. NT: no treatment. All assays were carried out in triplicate, and the data are presented as the mean ± S.D. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001