Table 2.
Pre- and post-intervention amplitudes for the experimental and sham groups
| Groups | Pre- and post-intervention amplitudes | Groups (M ± SD) | Significance level | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before intervention | After intervention | ||||
| SMR | SMR wave amplitude at Cz | Open eyes | 4.0 ± 91.94 | 5.0 ± 45.96 | 0.002* |
| Closed eyes | 5.1 ± 94.31 | 6.1 ± 50.27 | 0.004* | ||
| Mu | Mu wave amplitude at Cz (pretest) | Open eyes | 10.2 ± 15.57 | 9.2 ± 11.74 | 0.0001* |
| Closed eyes | 19.4 ± 17.81 | 17.4 ± 22.38 | 0.003* | ||
| Alpha | Alpha wave amplitude at Fz (pretest) | Open eyes | 8.2 ± 21.82 | 7.2 ± 13.35 | 0.001* |
| Closed eyes | 13.5 ± 81.90 | 12.5 ± 30.33 | 0.0001* | ||
| Sham | SMR wave amplitude at Cz | Open eyes | 5.1 ± 13.11 | 5.0 ± 00.93 | 0.08 |
| Closed eyes | 6.1 ± 05.40 | 5.1 ± 78.27 | 0.15 | ||
| Sham | Mu wave amplitude at Cz (pretest) | Open eyes | 8.2 ± 42.19 | 8.2 ± 62.38 | 0.34 |
| Closed eyes | 14.4 ± 41.78 | 13.4 ± 98.67 | 0.11 | ||
| Sham | Alpha wave amplitude at Fz (pretest) | Open eyes | 7.1 ± 98.72 | 8.1 ± 13.96 | 0.48 |
| Closed eyes | 12.3 ± 06.52 | 11.3 ± 53.21 | 0.07 | ||
SMR: neurofeedback based on enhanced SMR at Cz; Alpha: neurofeedback based on suppressed alpha at Fz; Mu: neurofeedback based on suppressed mu at Cz; Sham: the sham group
*Significant at p < 0.05