Table 3.
Differences in breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding in mothers with SLE six weeks after delivery
| N |
Breastfeeding N = 87 |
N |
Non-breastfeeding N = 24 |
p-value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 86 | 31.5 (4.2) | 24 | 32.9 (5.4) | 0.18 |
| Age ≥ 35 yrs (%) | 20.9 | 45.8 | 0.02 | ||
| BMI kg/m2 mean (SD) | 75 | 24.2 (4.8) | 21 | 25.5(6.0) | 0.43 |
| Overweight (> 25 kg/m) (%) | 42.9 | 36.4 | 0.63 | ||
| Disease duration yrs (SD) | 7.5 (5.4) | 7.2 (6.0) | 0.67 | ||
| Duration of pregnancy (weeks) | 85 | 38.0 | 24 | 37.1 | 0.26 |
| Birth before gestational week 37 n (%) | 85 | 15 (17.6) | 24 | 7 (29.2) | 0.25 |
| Birth weight (grams) mean (SD) | 86 | 3133 (650) | 24 | 2869 (974) | 0.42 |
| C- section total % | 86 | 14 | 24 | 29.2 | 0.12 |
| Emergency c-section (%) | 5.8 | 20.8 | 0.04 | ||
| Preeclampsia (%) | 84 | 7.1 | 24 | 21.7 | 0.06 |
| VAS scores (0–100 mm) median (IQR) | |||||
| Pain | 65 | 10 (2–22) | 17 | 10 (5–21) | 0.67 |
| Fatigue | 65 | 31 (8–56) | 17 | 41 (17–50) | 0.74 |
| Global score | 65 | 15 (3–35) | 17 | 22 (7–45) | 0.35 |
| CRP mg/L mean (SD) | 77 | 2.3 (5.6) | 24 | 3.4 (4.3) | 0.13 |
| Inflammatory active diseaseb (%) | 71 | 10.0 | 20 | 15.0 | 0.69 |
| Regular physical activityc (%) | 47 | 48.9 | 19 | 42.1 | 0.79 |
| Educational levels (%) | 83 | 23 | 0.05 | ||
| Low | 3.6 | 13.0 | |||
| Middle | 20.5 | 26.1 | |||
| High | 75.9 | 60.9 | |||
| Working status (full or part-time) (%) | 86 | 24 | |||
| Medications, n (%) | 87 | 24 | |||
| HCQ | 64 (73.6) | 19 (79.2) | 0.79 | ||
| sDMARDsd | 28 (32.2) | 7 (29.2) | 1.00 | ||
| bDMARDse | 0 | 1 (4.2) | - | ||
BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, VAS visual analog scale, IQR interquartile range, c-section caesarean section, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, sDMARDs synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, bDMARDs biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, Educational levels: low = elementary school, medium = high school/vocational education, high = college/university
agroup comparisons were performed using Fisher´s exact test for categorical variables and independent samples t-test for continuous, normally distributed variables. For ordinal and continuous, non-normally distributed data Mann Whitney U test was performed
bmeasured by LAI-P/SLEDAI. Active disease: ≥ 2,2 (LAI-P) or > 6 (SLEDAI)
cat least once weekly
dsDMARDs included azathioprine, methotrexate, sulphasalazine and mycophenolate mofetil
ebDMARDs included belimumab, TNF-inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors