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. 2023 Feb 9;56(8):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cpr.13419

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) exposure affects the fertilization ability and early embryo development of oocytes. (A) Representative images of fragmented MII oocytes obtained from control and BBP‐exposed ovary after superovulation. (B) BBP‐exposed group displayed an apparently increased fragmentation rate comparing with that of control oocytes. Results are expressed as mean ± SD; experiments were repeated at least three times (NS, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). (C) Representative images of two‐cell embryos in control and BBP‐exposed groups after in vivo fertilization. (D) BBP‐exposed group had a significantly lower fertilization rate than control group. Results are expressed as mean ± SD; experiments were repeated at least three times (NS, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). (E) Representative images of blastocyst in control and BBP‐exposed groups after further culture. (F) The rate of blastocyst formation in BBP‐exposed group was significantly declined comparing with that of the control. Results are expressed as mean ± SD; experiments were repeated at least three times (NS, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).