Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients based on COVID-19 severity.
| Variables | Severity | P-value | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Severe | ||||
| Number | 239 (91.92%) | 21 (8.08%) | |||
| Age (years) | 46.67 ± 21.17 | 67.81 ± 20.90 | <0.001 | - | - |
| <60 | 156 (65.27%) | 52 (23.81%) | Reference | ||
| ≥60 | 82 (34.31%) | 16 (76.19%) | 0.001 | 6.088 | 2.154–17.209 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 148 (61.92%) | 7 (33.33%) | Reference | ||
| Male | 91 (38.08%) | 14 (66.67%) | 0.014 | 3.253 | 1.265–8.361 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.07 ± 5.64 | 23 ± 7.33 | 0.061 | - | - |
| <25 | 107 (44.77%) | 6 (28.57%) | Reference | ||
| ≥25 | 132 (55.23%) | 15 (71.43%) | 0.158 | 2.027 | 0.760-5.402 |
| Virus strains | |||||
| Delta | 5 (2.09%) | 0 (0.00%) | Reference | ||
| Omicron | 234 (97.91%) | 21 (100.00%) | 0.999 | N/A | N/A |
| Omicron (BA.1) | 12 (5.02%) | 0 (0.00%) | - | - | - |
| Omicron (BA.2) | 137 (57.32%) | 12 (57.14%) | - | - | - |
| Omicron (BA.2.12.1) | 3 (1.26%) | 0 (0.00%) | - | - | - |
| Omicron (BA.2/BA.5) | 1 (0.42%) | 0 (0.00%) | - | - | - |
| Omicron (BA.4) | 5 (0.42%) | 1 (4.76%) | - | - | - |
| Omicron (BA.4/BA.5) | 2 (0.84%) | 0 (0.00%) | - | - | - |
| Omicron (BA.5) | 74 (30.96%) | 8 (38.10%) | - | - | - |
| Vaccination status | |||||
| No | 23 (9.62%) | 8 (38.10%) | <0.001 | 5.779 | 2.169–15.399 |
| Yes | 216 (90.38%) | 13 (61.90%) | Reference | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Chronic diseases | |||||
| No | 140 (58.58%) | 6 (28.57%) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 99 (41.42%) | 15 (71.43%) | 0.012 | 3.535 | 1.325–9.430 |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| No | 203 (84.94%) | 10 (47.62%) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 36 (15.06%) | 11 (52.38%) | <0.001 | 6.203 | 2.455-15.671 |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 184 (15.06%) | 13 (61.90%) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 55 (23.01%) | 8 (38.10%) | 0.128 | 2.059 | 0.812-5.222 |
| Infectious diseases | |||||
| No | 239 (100.00%) | 20 (95.24%) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (4.76%) | 0.999 | N/A | N/A |
P-values marked with bold indicate statistically significant differences between the groups.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; N/A, not available; OR, odds ratio.