Table 5.
Population-based analysis of allelic frequencies.
| Genes | SNPs | Regions | General population | COVID-19 patients | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Reference alleles | Alternative alleles | P-value | Total | Reference alleles | Alternative alleles | P-value | |||||||
| LZTFL1 | rs10490770 | Present study | 520 | T | 488 (0.94) | C | 32 (0.06) | Reference | 520 | T | 488 (0.94) | C | 32 (0.06) | Reference |
| Asians | 702 | 689 (0.98) | 13 (0.02) | <0.001 | 7,047 | 6,075 (0.14) | 972 (0.14) | <0.001* | ||||||
| Europeans | 174,760 | 161,006 (0.92) | 13,754 (0.08) | 0.165 | ||||||||||
| LZTFL1 | rs11385942 | Present study | 520 | AA | 488 (0.94) | dupA | 32 (0.06) | Reference | 520 | AA | 488 (0.94) | dupA | 32 (0.06) | Reference |
| Asians | 112 | 112 (1.00) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 14,152 | 12,977 (0.92) | 1,175 (0.08) | 0.087 | 72 | 46 (0.64) | 26 (0.36) | <0.001 | ||||||
| NADSYN1 | rs12785878 | Present study | 520 | G | 365 (0.70) | T | 155 (0.30) | Reference | 520 | G | 365 (0.70) | T | 155 (0.30) | Reference |
| Asians | 3,374 | 2,240 (0.66) | 1,134 (0.34) | 0.089 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 163,228 | 42,793 (0.26) | 120,435 (0.74) | <0.001 | 120 | 36 (0.30) | 84 (0.70) | <0.001 | ||||||
| PLXNA4 | rs1424597 | Present study | 520 | G | 102 (0.20) | A | 418 (0.80) | Reference | - | - | - | - | ||
| Asians | 160 | 124 (0.78) | 36 (0.23) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 15,532 | 13,982 (0.90) | 1,550 (0.10) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| LZTFL1 | rs17713054 | Present study | 520 | G | 488 (0.94) | A | 32 (0.06) | Reference | - | - | - | - | ||
| Asians | 168 | 164 (0.98) | 4 (0.02) | 0.071 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 19,446 | 17,856 (0.92) | 1,590 (0.08) | 0.104 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| IL10 | rs1800896 | Present study | 520 | T | 495 (0.95) | C | 25 (0.05) | Reference | 520 | T | 495 (0.95) | C | 25 (0.05) | Reference |
| Asians | 3,938 | 140,244 (0.53) | 125,934 (0.47) | <0.001 | 3,184 | 2,842 (0.89) | 342 (0.11) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Europeans | 266,178 | 3,690 (0.94) | 248 (0.06) | 0.206 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| ACE2 | rs2285666 | Present study | 520 | C | 230 (0.44) | T | 290 (0.56) | Reference | 520 | C | 230 (0.44) | T | 290 (0.56) | Reference |
| Asians | 514 | 229 (0.45) | 285 (0.55) | 0.950 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 100,440 | 79,975 (0.80) | 20,465 (0.20) | <0.001 | 481 | 354 (0.74) | 127 (0.26) | <0.001 | ||||||
| PEDS1 | rs6020298 | Present study | 520 | G | 279 (0.54) | A | 241 (0.46) | Reference | - | - | - | - | ||
| Asians | 202 | 87 (0.43) | 115 (0.57) | 0.013 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 89,342 | 45,795 (0.51) | 43,547 (0.49) | 0.291 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| IL10RB | rs8178562 | Present study | 520 | G | 316 (0.61) | A | 204 (0.39) | Reference | - | - | - | - | ||
| Asians | 624 | 402 (0.64) | 222 (0.36) | 0.219 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Europeans | 121,598 | 99,511 (0.82) | 22,087 (0.18) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | ||||||
P-values marked with bold indicate statistically significant differences in allelic frequencies of SNPs between Thai and other ethic populations.
*P-value for comparison in allelic frequency of LZTFL1 rs10490770 among Thai, Asian, and European patients with COVID-19.
Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme-2; CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IL10, interleukin-10; IL10RB, interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta; LZTFL1, leucine zipper transcription factor like-1; N/A, not available; NADSYN1, NAD synthetase-1; OR, odds ratio; PEDS1, plasmanylethanolamine desaturase-1; PLXNA4, plexin A4; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.