Table 5.
The association between filled prescriptions of opioids and Sami ethnicity among women and men who reported chronic musculoskeletal pain. The SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey (2012) and the Norwegian Prescription Database (2012–2019).
| Year | ≤180 DDD 1 prescription |
P-value | ≤180 DDD 2 or more prescriptions |
P-value | >180 DDD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | AORa | AORa | AORa | |||
| 2012 | .72 | .06 | .99 | .20 | 1.4 | .32 |
| 2013 | .79 | .19 | 1.1 | .70 | 1.2 | .49 |
| 2014 | 1.1 | .76 | 1.3 | .13 | .95 | .87 |
| 2015 | .95 | .77 | 1.2 | .25 | 1.1 | .72 |
| 2016 | .96 | .80 | .89 | .50 | 1.3 | .39 |
| 2017 | .95 | .77 | 1.0 | .90 | 1.3 | .29 |
| 2018 | .92 | .61 | .96 | .81 | 1.3 | .44 |
| 2019 | .62 | .01 | 1.2 | .35 | .79 | .47 |
| 2012–2019 | .87 | .29 | .77 | .02 | .96 | .81 |
| Men | ||||||
| 2012 | .95 | .80 | 1.2 | .31 | .88 | .78 |
| 2013 | 1.1 | .54 | 1.3 | .28 | .59 | .33 |
| 2014 | .92 | .71 | 1.2 | .48 | .65 | .44 |
| 2015 | 1.1 | .65 | .69 | .11 | .67 | .46 |
| 2016 | 1.2 | .29 | .89 | .62 | .79 | .64 |
| 2017 | 1.3 | .15 | 1.2 | .56 | .84 | .73 |
| 2018 | .97 | .84 | 1.1 | .54 | 1.1 | .87 |
| 2019 | 1.1 | .53 | 1.2 | .45 | .79 | .63 |
| 2012–2019 | 1.1 | .72 | 1.0 | .78 | .99 | .96 |
Abbreviations: DDD, Defined Daily Dose; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; aadjusted for age, educational level, and alcohol consumption; Notes: Results are from multinomial logistic regression with opioid use in four categories as dependent variable (“no opioids” as reference), and Sami ethnicity as exposure (non-Sami as reference).