Table 2.
Sex hormone regulation of mGlu receptor synaptic plasticity.
| Family | Subtype | Region | Species/Strain | Sexes used | Sex diff | Key findings | First author (Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I | mGlu1 | HPC | Rata | Both | Y | E2 facilitates CREB phosphorylation through ERα/mGlu1, PLC, PKC, and IP3R in ♀ but not ♂ (Boulware et al., 2005) | Boulware (2005) |
| Rat, SD | Both (OVX) | Y | E2 suppresses GABA release probability through ERα/mGlu1, anandamide, and CB1R in ♀ but not ♂ (Huang & Woolley, 2012) | Huang (2012) | |||
| Rat, SD | Both (OVX/CAS) | Y | E2 suppression of GABA release probability coincides with greater IP3 production in ♀ than ♂. ERα/mGlu1 complexes in exist in ♂ but are only regulated by E2 in ♀ (Tabatadze et al., 2015) | Tabatadze (2015) | |||
| Rat, SD | ♀ (OVX) | n.a. | E2 increases dendritic spine density through activation of mGlu1 (Peterson et al., 2015) | Peterson (2015) | |||
| mGlu5 | Striatum | Rata | ♀ | n.a. | E2 facilitates CREB phosphorylation through ERα/mGlu5 and MAPK (Grove-Strawser et al., 2010) | Grove-Strawser (2010) | |
| NAC core | Rat, SD | ♀ (ovx) | n.a. | E2 decreases dendritic spine density through activation of mGlu5 (Peterson et al., 2015) | Peterson (2015) | ||
| NAC shell | Rat, SD | ♂ (CAS) | n.a. | DHT decreases dendritic spine density in the NAC shell, but not core, through mGlu5 (Gross et al., 2018) | Gross (2018) | ||
| Group II | mGlu2/3 | HPC | Rata | Both | Y | E2 decreases CREB phosphorylation through mGlu2 and/or mGlu3 inhibition of L-type calcium channels in ♀ but not ♂ (Boulware et al., 2005) | Boulware (2005) |
| mGlu3 | Striatum | Rata | ♀ | n.a. | E2 decreases CREB phosphorylation through mGlu3 inhibition of L-type calcium channels (Grove-Strawser et al., 2010) | Grove-Strawser (2010) |
a
Pyramidal neurons cultured from P1-P2 rat pups, experiments performed at 9 d.i.v.; strain not specified
CAS, castrated; CB1R, cannabinoid receptor type 1; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; E2, estradiol; ER, estrogen receptor; HPC, hippocampus; IP3R, inositol triphosphate receptor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; n.a., not addressed; NAC, nucleus accumbens; OVX, ovariectomized; PLC, phospholipase C; PKC, protein kinase C; SD, Sprague Dawley