Table 3.

Comparison of predictive performance of the radiomics model, clinical model, and combined model in the three cohorts (training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort)

Model	Cut-off	Cohort	AUC (95% CI)	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Radiomics model	−0.50	Training cohort	0.81 (0.74–0.87)	0.75	0.85	0.70	0.63	0.88
		Internal validation cohort	0.79 (0.71–0.88)	0.74	0.83	0.68	0.61	0.87
		External validation cohort	0.79 (0.70–0.88)	0.80	0.60	0.91	0.78	0.81
Clinical model	−0.44	Training cohort	0.68 (0.60–0.76)	0.67	0.62	0.70	0.55	0.75
		Internal validation cohort	0.66 (0.56–0.75)	0.61	0.51	0.67	0.48	0.69
		External validation cohort	0.65 (0.55–0.75)	0.65	0.56	0.69	0.50	0.74
Combined model	−0.42	Training cohort	0.86 (0.80–0.91)	0.82	0.83	0.81	0.72	0.89
		Internal validation cohort	0.82 (0.74–0.90)	0.76	0.65	0.84	0.77	0.76
		External validation cohort	0.82 (0.75–0.90)	0.79	0.90	0.60	0.81	0.76

Note. AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CI, confidence interval; NPV, negative-predictive value; PPV, positive-predictive value.