Table 3.

Logistic Regression Analysis Regarding Factors Contributing to Changes in the Frailty Status

(1) Factors contributing the favorable change group (FCG) in the frailty status
	FCG vs the Others
	Model 1 (n=545)			Model 2 (n=542d)
	OR (95% CI)		P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
TUG	0.79 (0.68–0.91)		0.001	0.79 (0.67–0.92)	0.001
Age	0.98 (0.95–1.01)		0.219	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.233
Sexa	0.88 (0.60–1.27)		0.488	0.89 (0.61–1.32)	0.571
Frailty statusb				1.03 (0.83–1.28)	0.793
BMI				0.97 (0.91–1.02)	0.278
Number of comorbidities				0.86 (0.73–1.02)	0.089
MMSE score				0.98 (0.89–1.08)	0.727
Depressionc				0.54 (0.31–0.93)	0.025
(2) Association between TUG and the unchanged as prefrail group (UPG) in the frailty status
	UPG vs the Others
	Crude Model (n=545)
	OR (95% CI)		P-value
TUG	1.11 (0.97–1.27)		0.141
(3) Factors contributing the unfavorable change group (UCG) in the frailty status
		UCG vs the Others
		Model 1 (n=545)		Model 2 (n=542d)
		OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)		P-value
TUG		1.16 (1.01–1.33)	0.042	1.27 (1.09–1.49)		0.002
Age		1.05 (1.01–1.09)	0.013	1.05 (1.01–1.09)		0.022
Sexa		0.97 (0.63–1.50)	0.909	0.95 (0.60–1.50)		0.812
Frailty statusb				0.49 (0.36–0.66)		<0.001
BMI				1.03 (0.95–1.10)		0.513
Number of comorbidities				1.14 (0.94–1.39)		0.194
MMSE score				1.04 (0.93–1.17)		0.487
Depressionc				1.80 (0.97–3.34)		0.068

Notes: (1) Dependent variable is favorable change group or the other groups. (2) Dependent variable is unchanged as prefrail group or the other groups. (3) Dependent variable is unfavorable change group or the other groups. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for model 1+ frailty status, BMI, number of comorbidities, MMSE score, and depression. ^aMale vs female, ^bThe number of J-CHS components in the first survey, ^cGDS score ≧ 5 points vs 0–4 points, ^dExclude cases with missing covariates data (BMI and MMSE).

Abbreviations: OD, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.