Table 4.

Risk factors for growth and rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysm based on a previous individual patient data meta-analysis

Risk factor	n	Growth			Rupture
		n	Mean difference	P	HR	P
Age (per year)	13 966	13 966	−0.001 (0.006)	0.82	1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	0.004
Female sex	8472	8472	0.142 (0.150)	0.34	3.76 (2.58, 5.47)	<0.001
Body mass index (per kg/m2)	3439	3439	−0.008 (0.009)	0.35	0.93 (0.88, 0.99)	0.029
Current smoking	7486	7486	0.354 (0.065)	<0.001	2.02 (1.33, 3.06)	0.001
Diabetes	5697	5697	−0.505 (0.097)	<0.001	1.27 (0.45, 3.54)	0.65
Mean blood pressure (per 10 mmHg)	5957	5957	0.013 (0.021)	0.53	1.32 (1.11, 1.56)	0.001
Pulse pressure (per 10 mmHg)	5957	5957	−0.027 (0.014)	0.06	1.11 (1.02, 1.22)	0.019
Cardiovascular disease	6302	6302	−0.105	0.23	1.32 (0.77, 2.27)	0.32

The data presented are from an individual patient meta-analysis including 15 475 patients with small AAA attending surveillance programs in the UK, Australia, Norway, the USA, Sweden, and Denmark as previously reported.⁴⁰ Data available varied for different risk factors; thus, the sample size for each risk factor has been shown (n). Shown are estimated mean difference (standard error of the mean) in AAA growth (mm/year) for each risk factor or hazard ratio (HR; 95% CI) for risk of aneurysm rupture as previously reported.⁴⁰ Abdominal aortic aneurysm growth estimates were adjusted for the other risk factors shown in the table and initial AAA diameter, while HRs were adjusted for current AAA diameter only.