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. 2023 Aug 1;12:e84988. doi: 10.7554/eLife.84988

Figure 4. Benzoxazinoid soil conditioning does not change weed pressure, but reduces insect infestation.

(A) Total ground cover by weed plants in plots of three wheat varieties growing in soils previously conditioned with wild type (WT) or benzoxazinoid-deficient bx1 mutant maize (n=10). No weeds were detected in plots with the variety Sailor due to herbicide treatment of this variety. (B) Mean abundance of cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus) per tillers (n=20) and (C) Consumed flag leaf area by cereal leaf beetles (n=9–10). Means ±SE, boxplots and individual datapoints (n=20) are shown. ANOVA tables and pairwise comparisons within each wheat variety (FDR-corrected p values) are included. Cond: soil conditioning (WT or bx1). Var: wheat variety. ‘C x V’: interaction between conditioning and wheat variety. Pos: position on the field. Note that in (A) the minimum value of the y-axis was set to a value greater than zero for clearer visualization of treatment differences.

Figure 4—source data 1. Data of phenotypes shown in Figure 4 and of leaf phytohormone levels shown in Figure 4—figure supplement 1.

Figure 4.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1. Benzoxazinoid soil conditioning does not affect leaf phytohormone levels of wheat.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1.

Phytohormone levels of three wheat varieties growing in soils previously conditioned with wild type (WT) or benzoxazinoid-deficient bx1 mutant maize were measured (n=9–10). Means ±SE, boxplots, and individual datapoints are shown. ANOVA tables and pairwise comparisons within each wheat variety (FDR-corrected p values) are included. FW: fresh weight. Cond: soil conditioning (WT or bx1). Var: wheat variety. ‘C x V’: interaction between conditioning and wheat variety. Pos: position on the field. ABA: abscicic acid. JA: jasmonic acid. JA-Ile: jasmonic acid-isoleucine. OPDA: oxophytodienoic acid. SA: salicylic acid. Note that the minimum values of the y-axes were set to a value greater than zero for clearer visualization of treatment differences.