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. 2023 Mar 2;146(8):3117–3132. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad064

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Overview of multifactorial cellular dysfunction converging on defective DA release. Dysfunction in several different cellular processes result in dysfunctional DA release in Parkinson’s disease models. Prolonged dysfunction, probably in combination with cell death, leads to reduced striatal DA that, once a threshold is reached, leads to the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. The level of this threshold is modulated by compensatory factors.