Table 2.

Impacts of different organic acids on poultry performance.

Antibiotic alternatives	Type	Application	Treated birds	Mode of action	Effects	References
Organic acids	Organic acid-based product (Laynexa)	Feed for 4 or 8 wk	Layer chickens	Improved gut pH	Showed no effect on egg weight and egg quality	Gama et al., 2000
	Butyrate (0.4%)	Feed	Broiler chickens	Improved gut health	Maintained body weight gain	Panda et al., 2009
	Butyrate (0.2%)	Feed	Broiler chickens	Improved gut health	Maintained the performance of birds	Leeson et al., 2005; Antongiovanni et al., 2007
	Mixture of 0.06% Galliacid, 0.1% Biacid	Feed	Broiler chickens	Improved gut health	Improved birds’ performance	Hassan et al., 2010
	Organic acid mixture	Feed	Layer chickens	Improved gut health	Showed no effect on the egg quality. However, egg weight was increased by 9.08%	Youssef et al., 2013
	Formic and butyric acids	Drinking water	Broiler chickens	Showed broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity	Showed no impact on birds’ performance. However, it improves the lymphoid organ weight	Al-Mutairi et al., 2020
	Butyric acid, fumaric acid, and Lactic acid	Feed	Broiler chickens	Reduced pathogen multiplication	Improved birds’ performance	Adil et al., 2010
	Acetic acid	Feed	Layer chickens	Improved gut health	Improved external egg quality as egg weight, egg length, egg diameter, and eggshell color	Kadim et al., 2008
	Organic	Feed	Layer chickens	Increased the integrity of the reproductive organs, such as the shell gland in the oviduct	Improved eggshell color	Park et al., 2009
	1% lactic acid	Feed	Layer chickens	Increased the integrity of the reproductive organs	Improved the albumen and yolk index	Yalcin et al., 2000
	Microencapsulated feed additive including citric acid, sorbic acids, thymol, and vanillin	Feed	Broiler chickens	Lowered inflammation, and improved the intestinal barrier function	Improved chicken feed efficiency	Bialkowski et al., 2023