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. 2023 Jul 17;9(7):e18288. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18288

Table 2.

Existing clinical studies of astaxanthin in antidepressant or sleep improvement.

Study design Sample AST dosage Diagnosis criteria Outcome Reference
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparisons. There were 25 participants in the astaxanthin group. There were 29 participants in the placebo group. 12 mg/d. Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition (POMS2).Oguri–Shirakawa–Azumi Sleep Inventory (OSA-MA). Participants with a score >65 (depression) had significantly improved sleep [64]