Table 3.

Gene expression of the metalloproteinase MMP-9 and its TIMP-2 inhibitor in the articular cartilage of the proximal epiphysis of the broiler femur at 42 d of age, supplemented with chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates in the diet.

Evaluated characteristics	Chondroitin1 (CO, %)	Glucosamine2 (GLU, %)			Regression	Mean	SEM	Probability
		0	0.15	0.30				CO	GLU	CO × GLU
MMP-9	0	10.46	7.37	4.67	L6 (0.0013)	7.50	0.45	ns	ns	< 0.0001
	0.05	9.36	4.57	3.41	L7 (<0.0001)	5.78
	0.10	8.16	1.51	0.67	L8 (<0.0001)	3.45
	Regression	L3 (0.0002)	L4 (<0.0001)	L5 (<0.0001)
	Mean	9.32	4.48	2.91
TIMP-2	0	0.78	4.52	5.23	ns	3.51	0.48	ns	ns	< 0.0001
	0.05	2.54	6.58	7.71	L12 (0.0003)	5.61
	0.10	3.56	10.43	12.11	L13 (<0.0001)	8.70
	Regression	L9 (0.0016)	L10 (<0.0001)	L11 (<0.0001)
	Mean	2.29	7.17	8.35

¹[(C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₄S)n, Biofac A/S] purity of 91.27%.

²[(C₆H₁₄NO₅)2SO₄ × 2KCl, Zhejiang Golden-Shell Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.] sulfate content: 16%.

SEM: standard error of the mean; ns: not significant; L: significant linear regression.

³MMP-9 42 dias _{0% GLU} = −23 CO + 10.477; R² = 0.99.

⁴MMP-9 42 dias _{0.15% GLU} = −58.6 CO + 7.4133; R² = 0.99.

⁵MMP-9 42 dias _{0.30% GLU} = −40 CO + 4.9167; R² = 0.96.

⁶MMP-9 42 dias _{0% CO} = −19.3 GLU + 10.395; R² = 0.99.

⁷MMP-9 42 dias _{0.05% CO} = −19.833 GLU + 8.755; R² = 0.89.

⁸MMP-9 42 dias _{0.10% CO} = −24.967 GLU + 7.1917; R² = 0.83.

⁹TIMP-1 42 dias _{0% GLU} = 27.8 CO + 0.9033; R² = 0.98.

¹⁰TIMP-1 42 dias _{0.15% GLU} = 59.1 CO + 4.2217; R² = 0.97.

¹¹TIMP-1 42 dias _{0.30% GLU} = 68.8 CO + 4.91; R² = 0.97.

¹²TIMP-1 42 dias _{0.05% CO} = 17.233 GLU + 3.025; R² = 0.90.

¹³TIMP-1 42 dias _{0.10% CO} = 28.5 GLU + 4.425; R² = 0.89.