In-vitro biological characterization of cell-encapsulated GA-MS (n = 3, n represents number of GA-MS sample groups)
(A and B) Confocal microscopy images of live/dead staining of the chondrocyte-encapsulated GA-MS in the control and frozen groups after culture for 1 and 4 days.
(C and D) Immunofluorescence staining images of the chondrocyte-encapsulated GA-MS in the control and frozen groups after culture for 7 days.
(E–G) Quantitative analysis of cell viability, cell proliferation, and qualitative analysis of extracellular matrix proteins of the chondrocyte-encapsulated GA-MS in the control and frozen groups. “NS” represents no significant difference.