Table 1.
Descriptive summary of women across all studies
| Country | The Gambia | South Africa | South Africa | Zimbabwe | UK | USA | USA | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | GamBAS | Agincourta | MASC | Menopause study b | HCS | HealthABC Black | HealthABC White | ||||||||
| Location | Rural | Rural | Urban | Urban | Urban | Urban | Urban | ||||||||
| Study design | Prospective cohort | Prospective cohort | Prospective cohort | Cross-sectional | Prospective | Prospective | Prospective | ||||||||
| n participantsc (HIVd) | 249 | 547 (129) | 450 (65) | 393 (193) | 468 | 615 | 782 | ||||||||
| Raced | Black African | Black African | Black African | Black African | White British | Black | White | ||||||||
| Ethnicitye | 79.9% Mandinka, Fula 16.2%, Jola 2.4%, Other 1.3% | South Eastern Bantu — predominantly Tsonga | 36% Zulu, 18.3% Sesotho, 12.5% Tswana, 3% Other | 100% Shona | |||||||||||
| n measurements | 455 | 418 | 760 | 200 | 1049 | 2463 | 3308 | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) age | 61.4 (11.9) | 45.0 (14.8) | 52.5 (6.3) | 49.6 (5.8) | 69.5(5.9) | 77.0 (4.1) | 77.7 (4.1) | ||||||||
| Median [IQR] BMI | 21.3 [19.2–23.9] | 30.0 [25.1–34.9] | 33.0 [29.0–37.3] | 30.3[26.8–34.5] | 26.7 [23.8–30.3] | 29.0 [25.2–33.2] | 25.6 [ 22.7–28.7] | ||||||||
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | ||
| Total hip T-score | 40–49 y | 90 | 0.18 (1.22) | 82 | 0.42 (1.09) | 276 | 0.41 (1.18) | 100 | 0.53 (1.16) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 50–59 y | 125 | − 0.99 (1.30) | 87 | − 0.10 (1.30) | 385 | 0.12 (1.32) | 100 | 0.34 (1.41) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| 60–69 y | 120 | − 1.87 (0.81) | 51 | − 0.32 (1.17) | 99 | − 0.44 (1.13) | – | – | 632 | − 0.65 (1.11) | 29 | − 0.48 (1.27) | 28 | − 1.52 (1.10) | |
| ≥ 70 y | 120 | − 2.37 (0.98) | 28 | − 0.98 1.32) | – | – | – | – | 417 | − 0.89 (1.22) | 2428 | − 1.08 (1.38) | 3276 | − 1.84 (1.12) | |
| Femoral neck T-score | 40–49 y | 90 | 0.71 (1.04) | 82 | 0.43 (1.19) | 276 | − 0.60 (1.14) | 100 | − 0.18 (1.15) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 50–59 y | 125 | − 0.35 (1.28) | 87 | − 0.25 (1.30) | 385 | − 1.07 (1.23) | 100 | − 0.67 (1.25) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| 60–69 y | 120 | − 1.14 (0.81) | 51 | − 0.63 (0.99) | 99 | − 1.67 (1.03) | – | – | 632 | − 1.15 (1.02) | 29 | − 0.83 (1.32) | 28 | − 1.68 (0.93) | |
| ≥ 70 y | 119 | − 1.67 (0.88) | 28 | − 1.41 (1.32) | – | – | – | – | 417 | − 0.86 (1.19) | 2432 | − 1.27 (1.82) | 3279 | − 2.11 (0.96) | |
aAgincourt participants were restricted to those aged 40 and over
bOnly those without HIV included in this comparison study
cFor the prospective cohorts, the baseline number of participants is stated
dHIV only stated where recorded, in MASC these were self-report and not verified. In Agincourt and Menopause
eEthnicity was determined by language spoken and self-report. The figures stated for GamBAS are from the West Kiang Demographic Surveillance System data. For MASC, from the Awigen cohort. The Agincourt population are South–Eastern Bantu predominantly Tsonga-speaking REFS