Table 2.

Association of participant's characteristics with depression in Sample 1.

	OR (95% CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Wave 1	2.38 (1.94–2.93)	1.24 (0.94–1.63)	1.21 (0.90–1.62)
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age, years	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)
Gender: women	1.47 (1.16–1.88)	1.37 (1.05–1.79)	1.25 (0.94–1.66)
Education
Lower	Reference
Undergraduate	0.90 (0.66–1.23)	0.85 (0.61–1.19)	0.88 (0.62–1.25)
Graduate or higher	0.79 (0.58–1.07)	0.90 (0.64–1.25)	0.98 (0.69–1.39)
Occupation
Physician	1.42 (1.03–1.96)	1.06 (0.74–1.52)	0.97 (0.66–1.42)
Nurse or other medical staff	Reference
Management	1.26 (0.90–1.76)	1.11 (0.77–1.60)	1.44 (0.97–2.12)
Other	1.10 (0.79–1.53)	1.56 (1.08–2.27)	1.58 (1.07–2.35)
Work sector: private	0.90 (0.68–1.18)	0.98 (0.73–1.33)	0.98 (0.71–1.35)
Risk factors for poor mental health
Daily informal caregiving		0.97 (0.78–1.20)	1.01 (0.81–1.27)
Stress		5.59 (4.38–7.15)	4.72 (3.66–6.10)
Chronic physical illness		1.69 (1.33–2.15)	1.48 (1.15–1.90)
Change in function		1.07 (0.86–1.35)	1.10 (0.86–1.39)
Contact with COVID-19 patients
Yes		1.23 (0.90–1.68)	1.39 (1.00–1.92)
No	Reference
I do not know		1.55 (1.11–2.16)	1.35 (0.95–1.93)
Patient prioritization
Yes		1.57 (1.16–2.12)	1.78 (1.29–2.46)
No	Reference
Does not apply		0.98 (0.71–1.35)	0.88 (0.63–1.25)
Experience of stigmatization, discrimination or violence		1.98 (1.59–2.47)	1.81 (1.43–2.29)
Experience of death due to COVID-19		1.37 (1.04–1.79)	1.42 (1.07–1.88)
Protective factors for mental health
Resilience			0.34 (0.28–0.41)
Sufficient PPE			0.71 (0.55–0.91)
Trust in workplace
Low			1.42 (1.03–1.95)
Moderate			Reference
High			1.09 (0.84–1.40)

Missing data on covariates are imputed.

PPE personal protective equipment, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.

Significant values are in bold.