Figure 3.

SO-spindle coupling during sleep is a prominent marker of glucose homeostasis, in an independent (MESA) dataset

(A) Histogram of the average SO-spindle coupling strength across all participants in the MESA dataset. The coupling strength is calculated using the ndPAC method.¹⁶ The circular plot shows the histogram of the preferred phase of the coupling. For most individuals, the maximum coupling occurs near the up-phase of the SO (0°).

(B) Partial correlation adjusted for age between the extent of SO-spindle coupling (i.e., the proportion of SOs that are significantly coupled, see STAR Methods) and next-day fasting blood glucose levels in the MESA dataset.

(C) Partial correlation adjusted for age between SO-spindle coupling strength and next-day fasting blood glucose levels. Translucent bars represent 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals, in the MESA dataset. Fasting glucose levels were normalized using a square-root transformation (see STAR Methods).