Table 5.

WHOQOL-BREF score comparison (X ± S).

	Qigong group			Control group			Group effect	Time effect	Interaction effect
	V0	V1	V2	V0	V1	V2	F/P	F/P	F/P
Physical health	13.69 ± 2.25	14.21 ± 2.20	15.18 ± 3.00*	13.50 ± 1.97	14.04 ± 1.79	14.82 ± 2.48	0.307/0.583	4.465/0.015	0.025/0.973
Psychological health	12.17 ± 1.65	13.11 ± 2.49	14.87 ± 2.60**	11.97 ± 1.71	12.92 ± 2.06	13.33 ± 2.49*	2.585/0.115	9.776/0.000	1.410/0.250
Social relationships	10.07 ± 3.60	10.96 ± 2.57	12.06 ± 2.97	9.71 ± 3.38	10.41 ± 3.57	10.98 ± 2.79	1.642/0.207	2.725/0.072	0.142/0.868
Environment	13.26 ± 2.15	14.28 ± 2.13	15.02 ± 2.68**	12.98 ± 2.16	13.12 ± 2.24	13.36 ± 2.37	6.851/0.012	2.364/0.101	1.003/0.370
Total	54.36 ± 4.80	56.25 ± 4.83	60.78 ± 5.25**	54.04 ± 6.43	55.25 ± 5.11	58.24 ± 5.40*	1.586/0.215	13.018/0.000	0.564/0.571

V0, V1, V2 indicated pre-test, after 4-week intervention, after 8-week intervention, respectively. *, **V0 compared with V2, P < 0.05, P < 0.01.