Table 1.
Comparison of the basic characteristics.
| No Omega-3 intake | Omega-3 intake | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 373,035) | (N = 38,121) | ||
| Age (Years) | 56.18 ± 8.13 | 58.99 ± 7.14 | 9.9e-300 |
| Sex (% Women) | 54.4 | 59.7 | 2.44e-87 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.33 ± 4.75 | 27.01 ± 4.43 | 5.04e-42 |
| Ethnicity (% White) | 94.8 | 97.3 | 6.68e-102 |
| Number of medications | 2.36 ± 2.81 | 5.29 ± 3.10 | 9.9e-300 |
| Aspirin intake | 13.1 | 16.7 | 1.18e-82 |
| Statin intake | 15.7 | 17.1 | 2.64e-12 |
| Insulin intake | 1.0 | 0.7 | 3.78e-08 |
| Biguanide intake | 2.7 | 2.1 | 9.82e-14 |
| Diabetes mellitus type II (E11) | 5.3 | 4.5 | 2.12e-12 |
| Arterial hypertension (I10) | 21.2 | 22.5 | 1.78e-09 |
| Angina pectoris (I20) | 4.7 | 4.8 | 0.24 |
| Chronic ischaemic heart disease (I25) | 6.8 | 7.2 | 3.0e-03 |
| Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias (E78) | 10.0 | 10.8 | 4.0e-06 |
| Number of days/week walked | 5.40 ± 1.94 | 5.51 ± 1.86 | 3.60e-28 |
| Number of days/week of moderate physical activity | 3.63 ± 2.33 | 3.78 ± 2.28 | 1.78e-36 |
| Number of days/week of vigorous physical activity physical activity | 1.89 ± 1.96 | 1.98 ± 1.96 | 2.0e-20 |
| Vegetables and Fruits/day | 7.32 ± 4.09 | 7.66 ± 3.78 | 5.32e-63 |
| Fish/week | 3.45 ± 1.44 | 3.67 ± 1.36 | 2.55e-197 |
| Meat/week | 7.79 ± 2.83 | 7.78 ± 2.62 | 0.41 |
| Alcohol consumption in g/d | 9.07 ± 10.14 | 8.73 ± 9.63 | 7.92e-11 |
| Multivitamin intake | 2.5 | 25.4 | 1.0e-300 |
| Vitamin C intake | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.23e-247 |
| Vitamin B12 intake | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| Townsend Index | −1.40 ± 3.03 | −1.81 ± 2.78 | 1.88e-158 |
Quantitative values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are expressed as relative frequencies in percent (%).
For continuous variables, univariate p-values were calculated using an independent t-test. For categorical variables, p-values were calculated using chi-square test. Abbreviations used: BMI, body mass index.