Table 2.
Characteristics of axSpA patients by depressive symptoms
| Parameter | No or mild depressive symptoms N = 875 |
Moderate depressive symptoms N = 268 |
Severe depressive symptoms N = 102 |
Total N = 1245 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 44.5 ± 13.2 | 43.9 ± 12.7 | 45.7 ± 11.8 | 44.5 ± 13 |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 384 (44) | 128 (48) | 49 (48) | 561 (45) |
| Disease duration, years, mean (SD) | 7.1 ± 9.3 | 6.5 ± 8.7 | 6.4 ± 8.1 | 6.9 ± 9.1 |
| School, ≥ 10 years, n (%) | 723 (84) | 203 (78) | 71 (70) | 997 (81) |
| Currently employed, n (%) | 688 (82) | 184 (75) | 71 (76) | 943 (80) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 318 (37) | 116 (44) | 47 (48) | 481 (40) |
| Engaging in sports, ≥ 1 h/week, n (%) | 500 (57) | 122 (46) | 30 (29) | 652 (53) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30), n (%) | 207 (24) | 80 (30) | 29 (28) | 316 (26) |
| Comorbidities, 3 or more, n (%) | 151 (17) | 59 (22) | 31 (30) | 241 (19) |
| Depression as known comorbidity, n (%) | 42 (5) | 27 (10) | 18 (18) | 87 (7) |
| Of those, depression treated, n (%) | 23 (55) | 17 (63) | 13 (72) | 53 (61) |
| Fibromyalgia as comorbidity, n (%) | 17 (2) | 7 (3) | 6 (6) | 30 (2) |
| Naive to biologic therapy, n (%) | 462 (63) | 128 (56) | 46 (49) | 636 (61) |
| Systemic glucocorticoids, n (%) | 142 (16) | 57 (22) | 21 (21) | 220 (18) |
| Non-opioid analgesics, n (%) | 84 (10) | 39 (15) | 18 (19) | 141 (12) |
| Opioids, n (%) | 39 (5) | 21 (8) | 11 (11) | 71 (6) |
| HLA-B27 positive, n (%) | 626 (76) | 186 (74) | 67 (68) | 879 (75) |
| ASAS criteria fulfilled, n (%) | 685 (78) | 214 (80) | 78 (76) | 977 (78) |
| CRP ≥ 5 mg/l, n (%) | 387 (52) | 125 (55) | 57 (63) | 569 (54) |
| Arthritis, joint count (0–44), mean (SD) | 0.9 ± 2.4 | 1.7 ± 4.1 | 0.6 ± 1.7 | 1.1 ± 2.8 |
| Enthesitis, number of sites (0–16), mean (SD) | 0.4 ± 1.3 | 0.6 ± 1.6 | 0.5 ± 1.4 | 0.5 ± 1.4 |
| ASDAS (CRP), mean (SD) | 2.6 ± 1 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1 |
| Physician global disease activity, NRS 0–10, mean (SD) | 5.2 ± 2 | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 5.4 ± 1.9 |
| BASDAI, mean (SD) | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 2 |
| BASFI, mean (SD) | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 5 ± 2.2 | 6.2 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 2.4 |
| ASAS-HI Score (0–17), mean (SD) | 5.7 ± 3.2 | 9.2 ± 3.1 | 11.2 ± 2.9 | 6.9 ± 3.7 |
| ASAS-HI: good/very good (0–5), n (%) | 404 (47) | 29 (11) | 3 (3) | 436 (36) |
| ASAS-HI: moderate (6–12), n (%) | 438 (51) | 167 (65) | 57 (57) | 662 (54) |
| ASAS-HI: poor/very poor (> = 12), n (%) | 22 (3) | 61 (24) | 40 (40) | 123 (10) |
| Patient global disease activity, NRS 0–10, mean (SD) | 5.2 ± 2.3 | 7 ± 1.8 | 7.6 ± 2 | 5.8 ± 2.4 |
| Patient: Pain, NRS 0–10, mean (SD) | 5.1 ± 2.3 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 5.6 ± 2.3 |
| Patient: fatigue, NRS 0–10 mean (SD) | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 1.8 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 2 |
| Patient: Sleep disturbance, NRS 0–10, mean (SD) | 4.7 ± 2.9 | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 5.4 ± 3 |
| Patient: Current work ability, NRS 0–10 (higher is better), mean (SD) | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.5 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 5.1 ± 2.6 |
ASAS criteria ASAS Criteria for Axial Spondyloarthritis, ASAS-HI Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Health Index, ASDAS (CRP) Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score c-reactive protein, axSpA Axial spondyloarthritis, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, CRP C-reactive protein, HLA-B27 Human leukocyte antigen B27, NRS Numerical rating scale