Figure 1.

Association of moderately impaired log contrast sensitivity with the expanded short physical performance battery and its components. Association between binocular or worse eye log contrast sensitivity and (A) expanded Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB), (B) gait speed (m/s), (C) narrow walk speed (m/s), (D) chair stand pace (chair stands per 5 seconds), (E) Standing balance time (seconds). Left Panel—Model 1 is unadjusted bivariate analysis between binocular or worse eye log contrast sensitivity and each measure of physical function. Middle Panel—Model 2 is multivariable analysis adjusted for sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Right Panel—Model 3 is multivariable analysis adjusted for age (10 years), sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Plots show differences in the beta coefficient (point estimate with 95% confidence intervals [horizontal lines]) in physical function outcomes compared for a 1-unit decrease in log contrast sensitivity.