Table 2.
Association of Blood Leukocyte Subsets and Prospective Exacerbations
| IRR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| COPDGene (n = 3,188) | |||
| CD8+ T cells | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Naive CD4+ T cells | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| Resting memory CD4+ T cells | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.05 | 0.08 |
| Activated memory CD4+ T cells | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Resting NK cells | 0.70 (0.68–0.73) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Naive B cells | 1.10 (1.05–1.14) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Memory B cells | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 0.07 | 0.09 |
| Plasma cells | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| COPDGene; GOLD 2–4 (n = 1,066) | |||
| CD8+ T cells | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Naive CD4+ T cells | 0.91 (0.86–0.95) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Resting memory CD4+ T cells | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Activated memory CD4+ T cells | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Resting NK cells | 0.70 (0.67–0.74) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Naive B cells | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.69 | 0.69 |
| Memory B cells | 0.83 (0.80–0.87) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Plasma cells | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.60 | 0.68 |
| ECLIPSE (N = 646) | |||
| CD8+ T cells | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Naive CD4+ T cells | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Resting memory CD4+ T cells | 0.89 (0.83–0.96) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Activated memory CD4+ T cells | 1.04 (0.96–1.11) | 0.10 | 0.14 |
| Resting NK cells | 1.04 (0.98–1.14) | 0.14 | 0.16 |
| Naive B cells | 0.96 (0.88–1.03) | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| Memory B cells | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 0.65 | 0.65 |
| Plasma cells | 1.08 (1.01–1.19) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPDGene = Genetic Epidemiology of COPD; ECLIPSE = Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints; IRR = incident risk ratio; NK = natural killer.
IRR is shown for each 1-SD increase of each predictor (abundance score from CIBERSORTx). Zero-inflated Poisson models were adjusted for sex, race, age, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, FEV1% predicted, exacerbation history in the 1 yr before the study visit, neutrophil count, and eosinophil count. For COPDGene, the number of surveys done in the longitudinal follow-up was used as an offset in the zero-inflated models. For the ECLIPSE dataset, 95% CI represents bootstrap bias-corrected CI calculated using 1,200 replicates.