Table 2.
Kidney function
| Parameter | Euhydrated Group |
Hypohydrated Group |
P Value |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Males | Females | All Participants | Males | Females | Sex | Hydration | Sex × Hydration | |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 117 (111, 123) | 121 (113, 129) | 113 (102, 123) | 118 (112, 124) | 119 (111, 126) | 116 (105, 128) | 0.2990 | 0.8323 | 0.2998 |
| Fractional excretion of Na+, % | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.3, 1.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2)* | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2)* | 0.8299 | <0.0001 | 0.9571 |
| Fractional excretion of K+, % | 14.9 (10.3, 19.5) | 14.2 (9.4, 19.0) | 15.7 (6.3, 25.0) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.3) | 1.5 (1.0, 1.9)* | 2.3 (1.5, 3.2)* | 0.6244 | <0.0001 | 0.8971 |
| Serum | |||||||||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8)† | 0.0128 | 0.9156 | 0.1174 |
| Na+, mmol/L | 142 (141, 143) | 142 (140, 144) | 142 (140, 143) | 144 (143, 146) | 144 (142, 146)* | 144 (142, 147)* | 0.9782 | <0.0001 | 0.7045 |
| K+, mmol/L | 4.2 (4.1, 4.3) | 4.1 (4.0, 4.3) | 4.2 (4.1, 4.3) | 4.2 (4.1, 4.3) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.3) | 0.9987 | 0.7610 | 0.4862 |
| Urine | |||||||||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 85 (62, 108) | 102 (66, 138) | 68 (38, 98) | 259 (220, 297) | 302 (235, 369)* | 215 (187, 243)*† | 0.0039 | <0.0001 | 0.2029 |
| Na+, mmol/L | 29 (21, 37) | 31 (19, 42) | 28 (15, 41) | 88 (76, 99) | 84 (62, 106)* | 91 (79, 103)* | 0.7699 | <0.0001 | 0.4205 |
| K+, mmol/L | 12 (8, 15) | 13 (8, 17) | 10 (6, 15) | 28 (22, 34) | 25 (20, 29)* | 32 (21, 44)* | 0.4017 | <0.0001 | 0.1027 |
Values are represented as means with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses; n = 22 participants (11 males and 11 females) for urine Na+ and K+ and n = 21 participants (11 males and 10 females) for the remaining data. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with factors of sex and hydration and post hoc Holm–Šídák tests for multiple comparisons.
*Different from the euhydrated group for a given sex (P ≤ 0.0087); †different from males for a given condition (P ≤ 0.0057).