Extended Data Table 4.

Mutations found in both non-minimal and minimal cell that are putatively under positive selection

Simulations were performed to find genes acquiring more mutations than expected to occur by chance during 2000 generations of experimental evolution. Such mutations are indicative of positive selection. P_adj corresponds to significance following Benjamini-Hochberg correction to account for multiple comparisons. Genes are assigned to categories based on the secondary functional classifications⁴. In the P_adj column, “non” refers to non-minimal cell and “min” refers to the minimal cell. † = nonessential genes that were retained in M. mycoides JCVI-syn3B to facilitate cultivation and robust growth.