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. 2023 Aug 2;6:806. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05185-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Target for a single sonication in Marmoset G, area 8a. b Extravasation of Evans blue as the result of the sonication in (a). c Immunostaining at the sonicated slice, with C1 showing the left (not sonicated) hemisphere and C2 showing right hemisphere within the bounds of the sonicated area. Compared to left hemisphere, a marked increase in Iba1+ cells was clearly evident in right hemisphere. Iba1+ cells exhibit larger cell bodies and thick processes in right hemisphere, whereas Iba1+ cells show much more numerous and finer processes in left hemisphere. d In vivo GBCA MRI, with boluses of GBCA injected at 2, 5, and 8 h after sonication. As shown in the hours following the bolus injections (hours 3 and 4, also hours 6 and 7), the size of the GBCA remained the same (i.e., minimal diffusion), but increased with subsequent bolus injections at hours 5 and 8, suggesting the BBB was still open at 8 h post sonication. e Marmoset G’s perfused brain, sonication site marked by a red arrow, indicating no evidence of hemorrhage at this site. f Target for a single sonication in Marmoset M, area 8a. g Extravasation of GBCA, injected as a bolus 2 h after sonication, then a second bolus injection again after 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the BBB was no longer permeable to the GBCA.