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. 2023 Aug 2;14:4629. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40238-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Calculated band diagrams of topological photonic kagome metasurface with (i) step and (ii) adiabatic (linear) domain walls. Color-coded schematics of the corresponding domain walls of the two cuts are shown as insets. Dispersion of edge modes for step and linear domain wall profiles are shown by blue and red dots, respectively. Smaller blue dots corresponding to the edge state dispersion for the case of the step profile is provided for comparison in the case of adiabatic profile. Gray shaded area corresponds to delocalized bulk modes and gray dashed lines show bulk states localized to the region of adiabatic transition. c, d Near-field profiles of edge states for step and linear domain walls taken near the mid-gap for the two cuts. e, f SEM images of fabricated metasurfaces with step and linear domain wall for the two cuts. g, h Experimental momentum-space (Fourier-plane) images showing dispersion of edge states under the light cone for step and linear domain walls corresponding to both possible cuts. Additional colored dotted lines indicate boundary and bulk states.