TABLE 2.
All-Cause Medical Costs per Patient (2021 USD) by Subgroups
| Group 1 (n = 10,235) | Group 2 (n = 9,538) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total medical costs during index encounter, mean ± SD (median) | 15,105 ± 20,407 (10,214) | 18,536 ± 19,282 (12,641) | < 0.0001 |
| Inpatient costs | 14,618 ± 20,183 (9,895) | 18,210 ± 19,044 (12,387) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU costs | 4,583 ± 15,305 (0) | 6,201 ± 14,713 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency department costs | 79 ± 406 (0) | — | — |
| Outpatient costs | 57 ± 757 (0) | — | — |
| Total medical costs during the 12-month observation period, mean ± SD (median)a | 10,186 ± 23,530 (806) | 11,754 ± 24,334 (793) | 0.2039 |
| Inpatient costs | 7,834 ± 20,325 (0) | 9,954 ± 22,052 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU costs | 1,377 ± 7,753 (0) | 2,008 ± 9,379 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency department costs | 272 ± 800 (0) | 261 ± 896 (0) | 0.0041 |
| Outpatient costs | 1,865 ± 7,604 (0) | 1,298 ± 6,215 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Group 1 with sepsis (n = 5,978) | Group 2 (n = 9,538) | P value | |
| Total medical costs during index encounter, mean ± SD (median) | 18,910 ± 23,003 (13,113) | 18,536 ± 19,282 (12,641) | < 0.0001 |
| Inpatient costs | 18,475 ± 22,674 (12,758) | 18,210 ± 19,044 (12,387) | 0.0003 |
| ICU costs | 6,932 ± 18,589 (0) | 6,201 ± 14,713 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency department costs | — | — | — |
| Outpatient costs | — | — | — |
| Total medical costs during the 12-month observation period, mean ± SD (median)a | 10,790 ± 24,683 (780) | 11,754 ± 24,334 (793) | 0.3861 |
| Inpatient costs | 8,373 ± 21,287 (0) | 9,954 ± 22,052 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU costs | 1,610 ± 8,459 (0) | 2,008 ± 9,379 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency department costs | 240 ± 709 (0) | 261 ± 896 (0) | 0.7660 |
| Outpatient costs | 1,932 ± 8,261 (0) | 1,298 ± 6,215 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Hospital-onset (n = 1,125) | Community-onset (n = 18,648) | P value | |
| Total medical costs during index encounter, mean ± SD (median) | 42,794 ± 46,963 (30,138) | 15,190 ± 15,669 (10,867) | < 0.0001 |
| Inpatient costs | 42,141 ± 46,547 (29,795) | 14,795 ± 15,469 (10,566) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU costs | 18,063 ± 40,406 (3,919) | 4,597 ± 11,456 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency department costs | 1 ± 28 (0) | 43 ± 303 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Outpatient costs | 73 ± 1,045 (0) | 27 ± 499 (0) | 0.1009 |
| Total medical costs during the 12-month observation period, mean ± SD (median)a | 14,086 ± 33,203 (172) | 10,753 ± 23,244 (831) | 0.1086 |
| Inpatient costs | 11,780 ± 29,670 (0) | 8,680 ± 20,567 (0) | 0.1214 |
| ICU costs | 2,871 ± 14,050 (0) | 1,610 ± 8,130 (0) | 0.0142 |
| Emergency department costs | 199 ± 771 (0) | 271 ± 852 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Outpatient costs | 1,795 ± 7,976 (0) | 1,579 ± 6,909 (0) | 0.0130 |
| Multidrug resistant (n = 6,672) | Nonmultidrug resistant (n = 13,101) | P value | |
| Total medical costs during index encounter, mean ± SD (median) | 17,863 ± 21,097 (11,970) | 16,199 ± 19,309 (10,988) | < 0.0001 |
| Inpatient costs | 17,358 ± 20,739 (11,581) | 15,838 ± 19,165 (10,706) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU costs | 5,641 ± 15,507 (0) | 5,222 ± 14,801 (0) | 0.0543 |
| Emergency department costs | 39 ± 306 (0) | 42 ± 289 (0) | 0.0914 |
| Outpatient costs | 19 ± 495 (0) | 35 ± 569 (0) | 0.0016 |
| Total medical costs during the 12-month observation period, mean ± SD (median)a | 13,158 ± 26,739 (1,536) | 9,814 ± 22,286 (617) | < 0.0001 |
| Inpatient costs | 10,818 ± 23,564 (0) | 7,858 ± 19,818 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU costs | 2,102 ± 9,190 (0) | 1,467 ± 8,247 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency department costs | 289 ± 965 (0) | 255 ± 781 (0) | 0.5541 |
| Outpatient costs | 1,736 ± 8,166 (0) | 1,518 ± 6,281 (0) | 0.7028 |
aExcluding costs incurred during the index encounter.
ICU = intensive care unit; IED = invasive Escherichia coli disease; USD = US dollars.