Table 2.

Etiology of the 617 benign airway stenosis patients.

Characteristics	n	%
Tuberculosis	306	49.59%
Trauma	179	29.02%
Tracheal intubation	92	14.91%
Tracheotomy	69	11.18%
Injury	15	2.43%
Surgery	3	0.16%
Foreign body	74	11.99%
External compression	25	4.05%
Non-specific bacterial infections	7	1.13%
Esophagotracheal fistula	5	0.81%
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica	3	0.49%
Tracheobronchial amyloidosis	3	0.49%
Nontuberculoaus mycobacteriosis	3	0.49%
Bronchial calculus	2	0.32%
Bronchial hamartoma	2	0.32%
Sjogren’s syndrome with lung disease	1	0.16%
Rheumatoid arthritis with lung disease	1	0.16%
Rosai-Dorfman disease	1	0.16%
Tracheosquamous epithelial papilloma	1	0.16%
Trachea schwannoma	1	0.16%
Recurrent polychondritis	1	0.16%
Radiotherapy	1	0.16%
Chlorine gas	1	0.16%