Table 2.
Clinical outcomes in the control and NMES groups.
| Control (n = 20) | NMES (n = 20) | MD | [95% CI] | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sepsis, n (%) | 17 (85%) | 16 (80%) | 1 | 0.67 | |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 9 (45%) | 11 (55%) | 2 | 0.52 | |
| Multi-organ failure, n (%) | 4 (20%) | 6 (30%) | 2 | 0.46 | |
| Initiation of enteral nutrition, d | 3.25 (1.88) | 3.47 (2.03) | −0.22 | [−1.49; 1.05] | 0.72 |
| Cumulative fluid balance 7 days, L | 8.5 (6.9) | 8.2 (4.2) | 0.27 | [−4.1; 4.7] | 0.89 |
| Days of sedation, d | 7.6 (4.7) | 8.8 (4.9) | −1.2 | [−4.40; 1.91] | 0.42 |
| Time on invasive MV, d | 9.9 (5.8) | 11.6 (5.0) | −1.7 | [−5.24; 1.74] | 0.31 |
| Ventilator-free days at 28 days, d | 10 (8.6) | 8.6 (7.9) | 1.35 | [−3.95; 6.65] | 0.60 |
| ICU length of stay, d | 16.1 (12.6) | 16.5 (11.7) | −0.4 | [−8.52; 7.60] | 0.90 |
| Hospital length of stay, d | 26.7 (25.1) | 25.5 (22.4) | 1.1 | [−14.76; 17.11] | 0.88 |
| 7-day mortality, n (%) | 5 (25%) | 4 (20%) | 1 | 0.70 | |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) | 7 (35%) | 8 (40%) | 1 | 0.74 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation), and categorical variables are expressed as absolute and relative value = n (%). MD: mean difference between groups and [95% CI]: 95% confidence interval; NMES: neuromuscular electrical stimulation; MV: mechanical ventilation; ICU: intensive care unit. Clinical outcomes between control and NMES were compared by non-paired t-test for continuous variable and chi-square test for dichotomous variable.