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. 2023 Aug 7;19(5):e442–e449. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-22-01110

Table 3. Procedural characteristics and in-hospital outcomes.

Total (n=45)
General anaesthesia 19 (42)
Procedural imaging Angiography+TTE 16 (36)
Standard TOE 19 (42)
Others 10 (22)
Primary access Femoral artery 35 (78)
Radial artery 10 (22)
Secondary access No 25 (55)
Arterial 15 (33)
Venous 5 (11)
Loop No 33 (75)
Arterio-arterial 11 (25)
Arteriovenous 1 (2)
Leak location Non-coronary sinus 14 (31)
Left coronary 22 (49)
Right coronary 9 (20)
Number of paravalvular leaks 1 26 (61)
2 15 (33)
3 2 (4)
Catheter used during the procedure Delivery (Destination, Flexor Shuttle) 16 (35)
Guiding 21 (47)
Diagnostic 8 (18)
Mother-and-child technique 12 (27)
More than one leak treated 6 (13)
Closure device
Amplatzer Vascular Plug 0
Amplatzer Vascular Plug II 0
Amplatzer Vascular Plug III 6/3 mm 4 (9)
10/5 mm 13 (30)
12/5 mm 2 (5)
14/5 mm 8 (19)
Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 15 (33)
Others 1 (3)
Procedural success 42 (94)
Residual shunt No 25 (60)
Intradevice 5 (12)
Peridevice 11 (28)
Residual aortic regurgitation No 12 (29)
Mild 26 (62)
Moderate 4 (9)
Severe 0
Mean aortic gradient post-procedure, mmHg 6.5 (4.0-10.2)
Patients with procedure- or device-related SAEs ≤7 days* 5 (11)
Intraprocedural death 0
Cardiac tamponade 1 (3)
Stroke 1 (3)
Device embolisation 1 (3)
Major vascular complications 2 (5)
Major bleeding 0
Days until discharge after procedure 2 (1-6)
AT treatment at discharge None 1 (2)
SAPT 14 (33)
DAPT 12 (29)
Warfarin 6 (14)
DOAC 9 (22)
Values are expressed as n (%) or median (IQR). *Subjects may have had more than one type of major SAE event. AT: antithrombotic treatment; DAPT: dual antiplatelet therapy; DOAC: direct oral anticoagulation; IQR: interquartile range; SAE: serious adverse event; SAPT: single antiplatelet therapy; SD: standard deviation; TOE: transoesophageal echocardiography; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography