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. 2016 Apr;22(4):10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.4.396. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.4.396

TABLE 2.

All-Cause Utilization and Costs

Pre-index Period Post-index Period
Non-Treatment-Regimen Failures n = 1,255 Treatment-Regimen Failures n = 891 Difference P Valuea Non-Treatment-Regimen Failures n = 1,255 Treatment-Regimen Failures n = 891 Difference P Valueb
Outpatient
Patients with outpatient physician visit, n (%) 1,254 (99.9) 891 (100.0) 0.399 1,250 (99.6) 879 (98.7) 0.015
Outpatient visits (all), mean (SD) 16.2 (16.1) 17.9 (16.2) 0.013 13.4 (12.3) 17.2 (15.0) < 0.001
Outpatient costs, US $ - - 0.002 - - < 0.001
Mean (SD) 3,549 (6,298) 4,470 (7,387) - 4,026 (8,126) 6,926 (14,535) -
Median 1,682 2,121 - 1,473 2,435 -
Inpatient
Patients with inpatient admission, n (%) 44 (3.5) 46 (5.2) 0.059 62 (4.9) 66 (7.4) 0.017
Inpatient admissions, mean (SD) 0.2 (1.1) 0.3 (1.5) 0.050 0.3 (2.1) 0.6 (2.7) 0.012
Inpatient costs, US $ - - 0.024 - - 0.301
Mean (SD) 507 (3,694) 1,046 (7,198) - 1,092 (13,856) 1,688 (8,588) -
Median 0 0 - 0 0 -
Pharmacy, U.S. $
Pharmacy costs - - 0.651 - - < 0.001
Mean (SD) 2,580 (3,757) 2,508 (3,550) - 25,641 (11,712) 19,398 (13,291) -
Median 1,389 1,388 - 25,070 17,405 -
Total health care costs, U.S. $ - - 0.002 - - 0.002
Mean (SD) 6,637 (8,908) 8,024 (11,576) - 30,759 (19,866) 28,012 (21,583) -
Median 3,938 4,583 - 27,943 24,494 -

aCosts during pre-index period were compared using analysis of variance.

bCosts during post-index period were analyzed using propensity score bin bootstrapping adjusted for age, gender, insurance type, Charlson Comorbidity Index, total net cost in prior period, comorbidities, medications, and provider types.

SD = standard deviation; U.S. = United States.