TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics Across Channels
| Home Delivery | Retail | Mixed | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 5,624 | 33,338 | 1,741 |
| Mean (SD) | |||
| Age, years | 73.7 (6.3) | 73.7 (6.3) | 73.9 (6.2) |
| OOP costs per 30-day adjusted prescriptions for antidiabetics | 10.53 (14.20)a | 6.39 (13.16)b | 10.61 (15.28)a |
| OOP costs per 30-day adjusted prescriptions for antihypertensives | 7.60 (8.36)b | 4.42 (6.72)b | 7.83 (8.11)b |
| OOP costs per 30-day adjusted prescriptions for antihyperlipidemics | 10.87 (13.45)b | 5.84 (10.98)b | 11.21 (14.54)b |
| Disease burden proxyc | 2.27 (2.74)b | 5.43 (4.81)b | 3.05 (3.63)b |
| Severity of illness proxy for diabetesd | 1.51 (0.68) | 1.50 (0.67) | 1.54 (0.68)b |
| Severity of illness proxy for hypertensiond | 2.17 (0.94)b | 2.24 (0.95)e | 2.25 (0.92)e |
| Average days supply per claim for antidiabetics | 87.64 (7.40)b | 46.03 (24.32)b | 75.77 (21.10)b |
| Average days supply per claim for antihypertensives | 87.17 (7.37)b | 46.24 (23.78)b | 75.47 (19.42)b |
| Average days supply per claim for antihyperlipidemics | 88.36 (6.13)b | 47.32 (25.62)b | 80.07 (18.97)b |
| n (%) | |||
| Baseline adherent for antidiabetics | 4,548 (80.9)b | 21,097 (63.3)b | 1,160 (66.7)b |
| Baseline adherent for antihypertensives | 4,688 (83.4)b | 21,336 (64.0)b | 1,217 (69.9)b |
| Baseline adherent for antihyperlipidemics | 5,033 (89.5)b | 23,677 (71.1)b | 1,409 (81.1)b |
| Female | 2,500 (44.5)b | 19,672 (59.0)b | 901 (51.8)b |
| Urbanicity | 5,302 (94.3) | 31,641 (94.9) | 1,677 (96.3)b |
| LIS beneficiaries | 206 (3.7)b | 11,740 (35.2)b | 104 (6.0)b |
a Significantly different at P < 0.05 from retail channels only.
b Significantly different at P < 0.05 from both other groups.
c Patient overall disease burden was defined as the number of unique 2-digit GPIs (except diabetes, hypertension, and high blood cholesterol), which indicates distinct drug therapy classes used by the patient beyond the 3 therapy classes.
d Severity of illness is defined by the number of unique drug groups for which the patient had a prescription claim in 2012 for diabetes and hypertension.
e Significantly different at P < 0.05 from home delivery only.
GPI = Generic Product Identifer; LIS = low-income subsidy; OOP = out of pocket; SD = standard deviation.