TABLE 4.

Comparisons of Medication Use Components from the Dubois et al. 2014 Study and the Current Study

2014 Study Components28	Current Component (Component Number)	2014 Study (na = 46) (Nb = 175) %	Current Study (na = 49) (Nb = 847) %	Significancec
Quantify medication offsets	Determine if medication costs are offset by reductions in use of other services (3)d	7	16	≤ 0.10
Notify care providers when a prescription is filled	Notify a patient’s care providers when prescriptions are filled and dispensed (5)e	9	16
Educate patients about alternatives/implications when determining the recommended medication care plan	Educate patients on diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives and their implications (7)f	11	31	≤ 0.01
Share potential drug-drug/drug-disease/polypharmacy concerns with the care team	Notify all patient care providers of potential drug-drug, drug-disease, and polypharmacy adverse interactions (20)g	13	45	≤ 0.01
Capture patient-reported outcomes electronically	Capture patient-reported outcomes in a provider-accessible electronic system (6)d	15	27	≤ 0.10
Notify care providers when Rx’s are prescribed	Notify a patient’s care provider when medications are prescribed by another provider (9)g	20	33	≤ 0.10
Involve pharmacists in direct patient care	Involve pharmacists directly in patient care (23)h	22	47	≤ 0.01
Alert providers of preventive care gaps	Automatically alert providers of gaps in recommended preventive care (26)g	28	55	≤ 0.01
Synchronize formularies across different care sites	Synchronize formularies across sites of care (8)g	35	33
Identify potential drug-drug, drug-disease, and/or polypharmacy concerns	Identify potential adverse interactions across all patient care efforts (30)g	43	65	≤ 0.05
Encourage appropriate generic use with formularies	Encourage generic drug use when appropriate (34)i	50	73	≤ 0.01
View prescription and medical data in 1 system	Provide physician access to integrated electronic pharmacy and medical data for individual patients at the point of care (33)g	54	71	≤ 0.05
	Provide pharmacist access to integrated electronic pharmacy and medical data (28)g	54	59

^an = number of survey respondents.

^bN = number of ACOs in the target population.

^cSignificant P values are shown.

^dDomain = Analytics and evaluation.

^eDomain = Discharge planning and transitional care.

^fDomain = Patient education.

^gDomain = Health information technology.

^hDomain = Care teams and clinical protocols.

ⁱDomain = Prescribing practices.