TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Initial Drug Regimen (N = 26,098)
| Variables | All Patients N = 26,098 | SIM/SOF n = 2,224 (8.5%) | LDV/SOF n = 17,688 (67.8%) | OPrD n = 2,590 (9.9%) | SOF/VEL n = 2,036 (7.8%) | EBR/GZR n = 1,361 (5.2%) | GLE/PIB n = 199 (0.8%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 15,795 (60.5) | 1,389 (62.5) | 10,751 (60.8) | 1,569 (60.6) | 1,174 (57.7) | 817 (60.0) | 95 (47.7) |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 58 (53-62) | 58 (54-62) | 58 (53-62) | 58 (53-61) | 56 (47-60) | 58 (53-62) | 55 (45-60) |
| Year of cohort entry, n (%) | |||||||
| 2014 | 4,032 (15.5) | 2,171 (97.6) | 1,859 (10.5) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 2015 | 9,204 (35.3) | 52 (2.3) | 7,643 (43.2) | 1,509 (58.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 2016 | 6,954 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 4,902 (27.7) | 947 (36.6) | 687 (33.7) | 418 (30.7) | 0 (0) |
| 2017 | 5,908 (22.6) | 1 (< 0.1) | 3,284 (18.6) | 132 (5.1) | 1,349 (66.3) | 943 (69.3) | 199 (100) |
| Urban, n (%)a | 16,460 (90.6) | 1,630 (91.5) | 11,719 (90.5) | 1,735 (90.7) | 1,025 (89.4) | 298 (94.0) | 53 (96.4) |
| Full-time employment, n (%)a | 9,996 (55.0) | 890 (49.9) | 7,140 (55.1) | 1,107 (57.9) | 711 (62.0) | 118 (37.2) | 30 (54.6) |
| Race, n (%)b | |||||||
| White | 3,724 (49.6) | 210 (47.5) | 1,847 (40.9) | 364 (54.0) | 675 (84.5) | 519 (54.8) | 109 (80.2) |
| Black | 2,580 (34.3) | 160 (36.2) | 1,711 (37.9) | 250 (37.1) | 68 (8.5) | 368 (38.8) | 23 (16.9) |
| Hispanic | 119 (1.6) | 11 (2.5) | 63 (1.4) | 9 (1.3) | 16 (2.0) | 18 (1.9) | 2 (1.5) |
| Other | 1,090 (14.5) | 61 (13.8) | 893 (19.8) | 51 (7.6) | 40 (5.0) | 43 (4.5) | 2 (1.5) |
| Health plan coverage, n (%) | |||||||
| Commercial plans | 15,599 (59.8) | 1,468 (66.0) | 11,095 (62.7) | 1,773 (68.5) | 1,026 (50.4) | 192 (14.1) | 45 (22.6) |
| Medicare | 2,568 (9.8) | 314 (14.1) | 1,859 (10.5) | 140 (5.4) | 120 (5.9) | 125 (9.2) | 10 (5.0) |
| Medicaid | 7,931 (30.4) | 442 (19.9) | 4,734 (26.8) | 677 (26.1) | 890 (43.7) | 1,044 (76.7) | 144 (72.4) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.3) | 2.3 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.3) | 1.4 (1.9) | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.7 (2.6) | 1.5 (2.3) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Cirrhosis | 5,510 (21.1) | 888 (39.9) | 3,588 (20.3) | 352 (13.6) | 382 (18.8) | 288 (21.2) | 12 (6.0) |
| Anemia | 2,382 (9.1) | 272 (12.2) | 1,579 (8.9) | 164 (6.3) | 169 (8.3) | 183 (13.5) | 15 (7.5) |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 2,460 (9.4) | 416 (18.7) | 1,576 (8.9) | 120 (4.6) | 212 (10.4) | 122 (9.0) | 14 (7.0) |
| Diabetes | 5,309 (20.3) | 523 (23.5) | 3,650 (20.6) | 452 (17.5) | 305 (15.0) | 352 (25.9) | 27 (13.6) |
| HIV infection | 806 (3.1) | 50 (2.3) | 628 (3.6) | 61 (2.4) | 29 (1.4) | 36 (2.7) | 2 (1.0) |
| Drug abuse | 2,094 (8.0) | 101 (4.5) | 1,320 (7.5) | 144 (5.6) | 329 (16.2) | 174 (12.8) | 26 (13.1) |
| Alcohol abuse | 2,063 (7.9) | 95 (4.3) | 1,406 (8.0) | 140 (5.4) | 277 (13.6) | 134 (9.9) | 11 (5.5) |
| Past use of interferon, ribavirin, telaprevir, or boceprevir, n (%)c | 407 (1.6) | 105 (4.7) | 118 (0.7) | 159 (6.1) | 16 (0.8) | 9 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
| Interferon | 92 (0.4) | 57 (2.6) | 33 (0.2) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| Ribavirin | 399 (1.5) | 100 (4.5) | 115 (0.7) | 159 (6.1) | 16 (0.8) | 9 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
| Telaprevir | 30 (0.1) | 28 (1.3) | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Boceprevir | 19 (0.1) | 12 (0.5) | 7 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Ribavirin use during follow-up, n (%)d | 3,202 (12.3) | 361 (16.2) | 716 (4.1) | 1,902 (73.4) | 150 (7.4) | 73 (5.4) | 0 (0) |
| Number of physician visits, mean (SD) | 13.0 (13.4) | 15.5 (14.4) | 12.7 (11.9) | 10.9 (10.4) | 12.9 (16.3) | 16.9 (23.3) | 11 (26.3) |
| Number of ED visits, mean (SD) | 1.0 (2.3) | 0.8 (1.7) | 0.9 (2.4) | 0.9 (1.9) | 1.2 (2.4) | 1.6 (2.6) | 1.9 (3.3) |
| Number of hospitalizations, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.6 (1.2) |
aMissing values for Medicaid-covered patients (n = 7,931).
bMissing values for commercial-plan and Medicare-covered patients (n = 18,585).
cUse in the year before cohort entry.
dUse during 8 weeks of follow-up (required minimum follow-up for all patients).
EBR/GZR = elbasvir/grazoprevir; ED = emergency department; GLE/PIB = glecaprevir/pibrentasvir; IQR = interquartile range; LDV/SOF = ledipasvir/sofosbuvir; OPrD = ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir; SD = standard deviation; SIM/SOF = simeprevir/sofosbuvir; SOF/VEL = sofosbuvir/velpatasvir.