TABLE 3.
Characteristics | Overall (N = 39,981) n (%) | Polypharmacy (n = 1,560) n (%) | Monotherapy (n = 38,421) n (%) | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Predisposing Factors | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 28,092 (70.3) | 1,139 (73.0) | 26,953 (70.2) | 0.0154 |
Age (mean = 10.80 ± 3.06) | ||||
6-12 | 26,931 (67.4) | 940 (60.3) | 25,991 (67.6) | < 0.0001 |
13-16 | 13,050 (32.6) | 620 (39.7) | 12,430 (32.4) | |
Enabling Factors | ||||
Health insurance | ||||
Private | 37,512 (93.8) | 1,456 (93.3) | 36,056 (93.8) | < 0.0001 |
Public | 1,205 (3.0) | 30 (1.9) | 1,175 (3.1) | |
Other/unknown | 1,264 (3.2) | 74 (4.8) | 1,190 (3.1) | |
Region | ||||
East | 6,780 (17.0) | 327 (21.0) | 6,543 (16.8) | < 0.0001 |
Midwest | 19,640 (49.1) | 828 (53.1) | 18,812 (49.0) | |
South | 8,913 (22.3) | 247 (15.8) | 8,666 (22.6) | |
West | 4,648 (11.6) | 158 (10.1) | 4,490 (11.6) | |
Year of entry | ||||
2004 | 7,949 (19.9) | 278 (17.8) | 7,671 (19.9) | 0.0616 |
2005 | 15,708 (39.3) | 648 (41.6) | 15,060 (39.2) | |
2006 | 16,324 (40.8) | 634 (40.6) | 15,690 (40.9) | |
Season of index prescription | ||||
Winter | 10,592 (26.5) | 394 (25.3) | 10,198 (26.5) | < 0.0001 |
Spring | 7,431 (18.6) | 258 (16.5) | 7,173 (18.7) | |
Summer | 7,744 (19.4) | 380 (24.4) | 7,364 (19.2) | |
Autumn | 14,214 (35.6) | 528 (33.8) | 13,686 (35.6) | |
Physician specialty | ||||
Pediatrician | 16,103 (40.3) | 223 (14.3) | 15,880 (41.3) | < 0.0001 |
Psychiatrist | 4,993 (12.5) | 565 (36.2) | 4,428 (11.5) | |
Other | 18,885 (47.2) | 772 (49.5) | 18,113 (47.2) | |
Need Factors | ||||
Comorbidities | ||||
Depression | 5,408 (13.5) | 565 (36.2) | 4,843 (12.6) | < 0.0001 |
Anxiety | 3,709 (9.3) | 345 (22.1) | 3,364 (8.8) | < 0.0001 |
Bipolar disorder | 1,223 (3.1) | 486 (31.2) | 737 (1.9) | < 0.0001 |
Oppositional conduct disorder | 572 (1.4) | 78 (5.0) | 494 (1.3) | < 0.0001 |
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder | 246 (0.6) | 65 (4.2) | 181 (0.5) | < 0.0001 |
Oppositional defiant disorder | 3,074 (7.7) | 505 (32.4) | 2,569 (6.7) | < 0.0001 |
Conduct disorder | 2,959 (7.4) | 385 (24.7) | 2,574 (6.7) | < 0.0001 |
Learning disorders | 1,706 (4.3) | 77 (4.9) | 1,629 (4.2) | 0.1824 |
Psychosis and pervasive developmental disorders | 1,471 (3.7) | 348 (22.3) | 1,123 (2.9) | < 0.0001 |
Substance abuse and dependence disorders | 828 (2.1) | 101 (6.5) | 727 (1.9) | < 0.0001 |
Enuresis | 1,063 (2.7) | 78 (5.0) | 985 (2.6) | < 0.0001 |
Encopresis | 282 (0.7) | 24 (1.5) | 258 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
Tics | 526 (1.3) | 60 (3.9) | 466 (1.2) | < 0.0001 |
Comedications | ||||
Nonstimulants | 3,127 (7.8) | 175 (11.2) | 2,952 (7.7) | < 0.0001 |
Alpha 2-agonists | 3,352 (8.4) | 440 (28.2) | 2,912 (7.6) | < 0.0001 |
Antidepressants | 5,969 (14.9) | 736 (47.2) | 5,233 (13.6) | < 0.0001 |
Mood stabilizers | 761 (1.9) | 222 (14.2) | 539 (1.4) | < 0.0001 |
Sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics | 5,875 (14.7) | 303 (19.4) | 5,572 (14.5) | < 0.0001 |
Miscellaneous | 129 (0.3) | 33 (2.1) | 96 (0.3) | < 0.0001 |
Recent mental health-related hospitalization | 439 (1.1) | 158 (10.1) | 281 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; LAS = long-acting stimulants.