TABLE 2.
Adjusted Generalized Estimating Equations Predicting Receipt of PCE (N = 375)
| Parameter | PCE-C | PCE-D | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | P Value | RR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Pre-index variables | ||||||
| Female vs. male | 1.14 | 0.71-1.83 | 0.575 | 0.93 | 0.52-1.69 | 0.823 |
| Age | 1.02 | 0.98-1.06 | 0.423 | 1.04 | 0.99-1.09 | 0.086 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.98 | 0.80-1.19 | 0.818 | 0.87 | 0.70-1.08 | 0.208 |
| Adherent vs. nonadherent | 1.09 | 0.50-2.38 | 0.824 | 8.67 | 1.60-46.78 | 0.012 |
| On maintenance medication vs. not | 1.49 | 0.91-2.44 | 0.112 | 1.54 | 0.88-2.72 | 0.131 |
| On rescue medication vs. not | 1.88 | 1.12-3.17 | 0.018 | 2.11 | 1.16-3.83 | 0.014 |
| Pre-index costsa | 0.99 | 0.98-0.99 | 0.029 | 0.99 | 0.98-1.00 | 0.288 |
| Number of exacerbations | 1.14 | 0.95-1.36 | 0.173 | 0.94 | 0.80-1.12 | 0.507 |
| Index (event) variables | ||||||
| Inpatient vs. emergency room | 2.25 | 1.21-4.17 | 0.010 | 1.90 | 1.01-3.58 | 0.048 |
| Length of stay | 0.95 | 0.85-1.06 | 0.331 | 1.02 | 1.01-1.03 | 0.799 |
| Admission year | 1.11 | 0.98-1.26 | 0.107 | 1.10 | 0.95-1.27 | 0.210 |
| Admission quarter | 1.04 | 0.85-1.27 | 0.700 | 0.82 | 0.65-1.04 | 0.097 |
a Costs multiplied by $1,000.
CI = confidence interval; PCE-C = pharmacotherapy management of COPD exacerbation with systemic corticosteroid; PCE-D = pharmacotherapy management of COPD exacerbation with bronchodilator; RR = relative risk.